хлѣбъ

Bulgarian

Noun

хлѣбъ • (hlěbm

  1. (obsolete) Pre-1945 spelling of хляб (hljab).

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).

Noun

хлѣбъ • (xlěbŭm

  1. bread
  2. loaf of bread

Declension

Declension of хлѣбъ (o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣби
xlěbi
genitive хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣбоу
xlěbu
хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
dative хлѣбоу
xlěbu
хлѣбома
xlěboma
хлѣбомъ
xlěbomŭ
accusative хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣбꙑ
xlěby
instrumental хлѣбомъ
xlěbomŭ
хлѣбома
xlěboma
хлѣбꙑ
xlěby
locative хлѣбѣ
xlěbě
хлѣбоу
xlěbu
хлѣбѣхъ
xlěběxŭ
vocative хлѣбе
xlěbe
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣби
xlěbi

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, further probably borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxleːbʊ//ˈxlʲeːbʊ//ˈxlʲɛːb/, /ˈxlʲeːb/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxleːbʊ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxlʲeːbʊ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxlʲɛːb/, /ˈxlʲeːb/

  • Hyphenation: хлѣ‧бъ

Noun

хлѣбъ (xlěbŭm

  1. bread
  2. grain
  3. food, meal, treat
  4. subsistence
  5. prosphora

Declension

Declension of хлѣбъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣби
xlěbi
genitive хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣбу
xlěbu
хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
dative хлѣбу
xlěbu
хлѣбома
xlěboma
хлѣбомъ
xlěbomŭ
accusative хлѣбъ
xlěbŭ
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣбꙑ
xlěby
instrumental хлѣбъмь
xlěbŭmĭ
хлѣбома
xlěboma
хлѣбꙑ
xlěby
locative хлѣбѣ
xlěbě
хлѣбу
xlěbu
хлѣбѣхъ
xlěběxŭ
vocative хлѣбе
xlěbe
хлѣба
xlěba
хлѣби
xlěbi

Descendants

  • Old Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)
    • Belarusian: хлеб (xljeb)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)
    • Ukrainian: хліб (xlib)
  • Russian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)

References

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “хлѣбъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1371

Old Ruthenian

Alternative forms

  • клѣбъ (klěb)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, probably borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Cognate with Russian хлеб (xleb).

Noun

хлѣбъ • (xlěbm inan (related adjective хлѣ́бный)

  1. bread
  2. loaf of bread
    Synonym: палени́ца (paleníca)
  3. food, meal
  4. grain

Descendants

Further reading

  • Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “хлєбъ”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 507
  • Bulyka, A. M., editor (2016), “хлебъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 36 (фолкга – чорно), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 82

Russian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [xlʲep]

Noun

хлѣбъ • (xlěbm inan (genitive хлѣ́ба, nominative plural хлѣ́бы, genitive plural хлѣ́бовъ)

  1. Pre-1918 spelling of хлеб (xleb, bread, loaf).

Declension

Noun

хлѣбъ • (xlěbm inan (genitive хлѣ́ба, nominative plural хлѣба́, genitive plural хлѣбо́въ)

  1. Pre-1918 spelling of хлеб (xleb, grain).

Declension