Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    Of unclear origin. The word could have been borrowed from an unknown language or constructed from native material in late Proto-Germanic. It has been connected by Walde 1910 to the Ancient Greek words κλίβανος (klíbanos), κρίβανος (kríbanos, “baker's oven; pan with a lid for baking bread”) and κλιβανίτης (klibanítēs, “bread baked in a κλίβανος”), which according to Beekes is probably a borrowing from an unknown substrate language. The Germanic word could well have been borrowed from the same source. If so, it would be an early borrowing, since the word then apparently displays the effects of Grimm's Law.

    Compare Latvian klàips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”). Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- is suggested as their origin, owing to the fact that the earliest flatbreads were disk-shaped. The Proto-Germanic word could have been borrowed from Balto-Slavic or vice versa.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.βɑz/

    Noun

    *hlaibaz m

    1. bread
    2. loaf

    Inflection

    Declension of *hlaibaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *hlaibaz *hlaibōz, *hlaibōs
    vocative *hlaib *hlaibōz, *hlaibōs
    accusative *hlaibą *hlaibanz
    genitive *hlaibas, *hlaibis *hlaibǫ̂
    dative *hlaibai *hlaibamaz
    instrumental *hlaibō *hlaibamiz

    Usage notes

    According to Kluge, the word probably referred to unleavened bread, whereas *braudą was the (more modern) leavened bread.

    Derived terms

    • *hlaibawardaz

    Descendants

    Further reading

    • Kluge, F. and E. Seebold (2002), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 24., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage, bearbeitet von Elmar Seebold, (on CD-ROM), Berlin. Entry Laib.
    • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλῑ́βανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 715f
    • Walde, Alois (1910) “lībum”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 2nd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 428
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