ял
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jal"
Bashkir
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jɑɫ]
- Hyphenation: ял (one syllable)
Etymology 1
Cognate with Tatar ял (yal, “rest”), Southern Altai јал (ǰal, “rest”), Kumyk ял (yal, “rest”).
Noun
ял • (yal)
- rest
- Ял көнө.
- Yal könö.
- A day off.
- respite, break
- Төшкө ял.
- Töşkö yal.
- Lunch break.
- recreation
- Беренсенән, Өфө алыҫ түгел, икенсенән, һеҙҙә тәбиғәт матур, ул ял индустрияһын үҫтереү өсөн мөмкинлек бирә.
- Berensenən, Öfö alıś tügel, ikensenən, heźźə təbiğət matur, ul yal industriyahın üśterew ösön mömkinlek birə.
- Firstly, Ufa is not far, secondly, the nature is beautiful at your place, it creates an opportunity to develop the recreation industry.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *yāl (“mane”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (jal, “mane”); Kazakh, Kyrgyz жал (jal), Southern Altai јал (ǰal), Uzbek yol, Uyghur يال (yal), Turkmen ýal, Azerbaijani yal (“mane”), etc.
Noun
ял • (yal)
Declension
| singular only | |
|---|---|
| absolute | ял (yal) |
| definite genitive | ялдың (yaldıñ) |
| dative | ялға (yalğa) |
| definite accusative | ялды (yaldı) |
| locative | ялда (yalda) |
| ablative | ялдан (yaldan) |
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ja̟ɫ]
Participle
ял • (jal)
- indefinite masculine singular past active aorist participle of ям (jam)
Chuvash
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïl.[1][2] Cognate with Kazakh ауыл (auyl), Karakalpak аўыл (awıl), Karachay-Balkar ауул (awul), Tatar авыл (awıl), Kyrgyz айыл (ayıl), Khakas, Shor аал (aal) and Turkish ağıl, etc.
Noun
ял • (jal)
Descendants
- → Eastern Mari: ял (jal)
Etymology 2
From Volga Bulgar يال (yēl),[3] Proto-Turkic *ēl.
Noun
ял • (jal)
References
- ^ Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 84
- ^ Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 22
- ^ Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language][1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
- Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “ял”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 497-498
- Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ял”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 352
Further reading
Eastern Mari
Etymology
Borrowed from Chuvash ял (jal).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɑl/
- Rhymes: -ɑl
- Hyphenation: ял
Noun
ял • (jal)
- village
- марий ял
- marij jal
- Mari village
- countryside, country
- villagers
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ял (jal) | ял-влак (jal-vlak) | |
| accusative | ялым (jalym) | ял-влакым (jal-vlakym) | |
| genitive | ялын (jalyn) | ял-влакын (jal-vlakyn) | |
| dative | яллан (jallan) | ял-влаклан (jal-vlaklan) | |
| comitative | ялге (jalge) | ял-влакге (jal-vlakge) | |
| comparative | ялла (jalla) | ял-влакла (jal-vlakla) | |
| inessive | ялыште (jalyšte) | ял-влакыште (jal-vlakyšte) | |
| illative | short | ялыш (jalyš) | ял-влакыш (jal-vlakyš) |
| long | ялышке (jalyške) | ял-влакышке (jal-vlakyške) | |
| lative | ялеш (jaĺeš) | ял-влакеш (jal-vlakeš) | |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ялем (jaĺem) | ялна (jalna) |
| 2nd person | ялет (jaĺet) | ялда (jalda) |
| 3rd person | ялже (jalže) | ялышт (jalyšt) |
References
- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ял”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Mongolian
| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
|---|---|
| ᠶᠠᠯᠠ (yal-a) | ял (jal) |
Etymology
From Proto-Common Turkic *yala (“suspicion, slander”), compare Kazakh жала (jala).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjaɮ/
- Syllabification: ял (1 syllable)
Noun
ял • (jal); (regular declension)
Derived terms
- яллах (jallax, “to sentence”)
- ялтан (jaltan, “the accused, defendant, convict”)
- ялагдах (jalagdax, “to lose”)
Nogai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *yāl.
Noun
ял • (yal)
References
- N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “ял”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jaɫ]
Verb
ял • (jal)
- masculine singular past indicative perfective of ять (jatʹ)
Western Mari
Etymology
From Proto-Mari *jål, from Proto-Uralic *jalka. Cognates include Eastern Mari йол (jol).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɑl/
- Rhymes: -ɑl
- Hyphenation: ял
Noun
ял • (jal)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ял (jal) | ялвлӓ (jalvlä) | |
| accusative | ялым (jalym) | ялвлӓм (jalvläm) | |
| genitive | ялын (jalyn) | ялвлӓн (jalvlän) | |
| dative | яллан (jallan) | ялвлӓге (jalvläge) | |
| comitative | ялге (jalge) | ялвлӓлӓн (jalvlälän) | |
| comparative | ялла (jalla) | ялвлӓлӓ (jalvlälä) | |
| inessive | ялышты (jalyšty) | ялвлӓштӹ (jalvläštÿ) | |
| illative | short | ялыш (jalyš) | ялвлӓш (jalvläš) |
| long | ялышкы (jalyšky) | ялвлӓшкӹ (jalvläškÿ) | |
| lative | ялеш (jaĺeš) | ялвлӓэш (jalvläeš) | |
References
- Savatkova, A. A. (2008) “ял”, in Slovarʹ gornomarijskovo jazyka [Hill Mari language dictionary] (in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Mari publisher, →ISBN
- K. I. Belyaev & P. P. Romashkin (1944) “нога”, in Русско-Марийский Словарь [Russian-Mari Dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Kozmodemyansk: Маргосиздатын Кырык-Мары Филиал, page 192
- K. G. Yuadarov (1979) “нога”, in Русско-марийский словарь: для учащихся горномарийских средних школ [Russian-Mari Dictionary: for students of Hill-Mari secondary schools] (overall work in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Марийское Книжное Издательство, →OCLC, page 61