Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ēl

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*ēl

  1. (politics) realm, country

Declension

Declension of *ēl
singular 3)
nominative *ēl
accusative *ēlig, *ēlni1)
genitive *ēlniŋ
dative *ēlke
locative *ēlte
ablative *ēlten
allative *ēlgerü
instrumental 2) *ēlin
equative 2) *ēlče
similative 2) *ēlleyü
comitative 2) *ēlligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur: *ēl
    • Proto-Bulgar: *ĭel[1]
      • Volga Bulgar: يَال (yēl, “tribe, clan”)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *ẹ̄l
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: ایل (ẹl)
      • Azerbaijani: el, (dialectally) il
      • Gagauz: el
      • Ottoman Turkish: ایل (il)
        • Turkish: il (“province”), el (“foreign person”)
    • Turkmen:
      • Cyrillic script: ил (īl)
      • Latin script: īl
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: ايل (é̄l)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: el
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ил (il)
      • Tatar:
        • Cyrillic script: ил (il)
        • Latin script: il
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: el
      • Karachay-Balkar: эл (el)
      • Karaim::
        • Cyrillic script: эл
        • Latin script: el
      • Kumyk: эл (el)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kipchak-Nogai:
        • Karakalpak: el
        • Kazakh: ел (el)
        • Nogai: эл (él)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: эл (el)
        • Southern Altai: эл (el)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰠 (é̄l), (Yenisei) 𐰅𐰠 (é̄l)
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (él, “realm”)
      • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig, “ruler, khan”)
        • ⇒ Western Yugur: eltʂi (eʰlçi, “shaman”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenissei Turkic:
    • North Siberian:
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *el
    • Classical Mongolian: ᠡᠯ (el)
      • Mongolian: ил (il)
    • Kalmyk: эл (el)

References

  1. ^ Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 105, 174
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “él:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 121
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 339
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