أرز

See also: ارز and أزر

Arabic

Etymology 1

The tree is native to the region north of Israel and Judea. Borrowed into Arabic and Ge'ez አርዝ (ʾärz) and before the pertinent vowel change into Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez, cedar) from Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, cedar), also found in Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, cedar), continuing Akkadian 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /⁠erēnu, erinnu⁠/) from Sumerian 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /⁠eren⁠/), which also passed into Hittite 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /⁠herin(a)-⁠/, cedar) and also Hurrian 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒅎𒁉 (GIŠe-ri-im-bi /⁠erimbi⁠/), 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒁉 (GIŠe-ri-bi /⁠eribi⁠/, cedar) and thence back into a Hittite alternative form. While Rabin argues for a Hittite origin of the word, the form ʾarz recalls Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā (juniper), which is not remote in meaning – Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) also means both cedar and juniper.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔarz/

Noun

أَرْز • (ʔarzm (collective, singulative أَرْزَة f (ʔarza))

  1. cedar (Cedrus gen. et spp.)
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 7, Art. 22, page 287:
      وأما غراسة الأرز وهو الذي يسمى السرول
      قال هو نوعان أحدهما يشبه الطرفاء والآخر يشبه العرعر
      About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
      there are two kinds, one resembles the tamarisk and the other resembles the juniper.
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 34, Art. 6, pages 721–722:
      وقال غيره يتخذ لها الخلايا من خشب الأرز ومن طين طيب الريح وتطين الخلايا من خارجها برماد وأخثاء البقر مدقوق معجون بالماء ويتخذ لها بعض الناس الخلايا من قشور الشبر وتسميه العامة «جناحا»
      And another author said that for beehives cedar wood and clay of good smell is taken and the beehives are daubed from the outside with ash and cow dung powdered and kneaded with water, and some people take for beehives the barks of the cork oak, generally called “wings”.
Declension
Declension of noun أَرْز (ʔarz)
collective basic collective triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal أَرْز
ʔarz
الْأَرْز
al-ʔarz
أَرْز
ʔarz
nominative أَرْزٌ
ʔarzun
الْأَرْزُ
al-ʔarzu
أَرْزُ
ʔarzu
accusative أَرْزًا
ʔarzan
الْأَرْزَ
al-ʔarza
أَرْزَ
ʔarza
genitive أَرْزٍ
ʔarzin
الْأَرْزِ
al-ʔarzi
أَرْزِ
ʔarzi
singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite construct
informal أَرْزَة
ʔarza
الْأَرْزَة
al-ʔarza
أَرْزَة
ʔarzat
nominative أَرْزَةٌ
ʔarzatun
الْأَرْزَةُ
al-ʔarzatu
أَرْزَةُ
ʔarzatu
accusative أَرْزَةً
ʔarzatan
الْأَرْزَةَ
al-ʔarzata
أَرْزَةَ
ʔarzata
genitive أَرْزَةٍ
ʔarzatin
الْأَرْزَةِ
al-ʔarzati
أَرْزَةِ
ʔarzati
dual indefinite definite construct
informal أَرْزَتَيْن
ʔarzatayn
الْأَرْزَتَيْن
al-ʔarzatayn
أَرْزَتَيْ
ʔarzatay
nominative أَرْزَتَانِ
ʔarzatāni
الْأَرْزَتَانِ
al-ʔarzatāni
أَرْزَتَا
ʔarzatā
accusative أَرْزَتَيْنِ
ʔarzatayni
الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ
al-ʔarzatayni
أَرْزَتَيْ
ʔarzatay
genitive أَرْزَتَيْنِ
ʔarzatayni
الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ
al-ʔarzatayni
أَرْزَتَيْ
ʔarzatay
paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
indefinite definite construct
informal أَرْزَات
ʔarzāt
الْأَرْزَات
al-ʔarzāt
أَرْزَات
ʔarzāt
nominative أَرْزَاتٌ
ʔarzātun
الْأَرْزَاتُ
al-ʔarzātu
أَرْزَاتُ
ʔarzātu
accusative أَرْزَاتٍ
ʔarzātin
الْأَرْزَاتِ
al-ʔarzāti
أَرْزَاتِ
ʔarzāti
genitive أَرْزَاتٍ
ʔarzātin
الْأَرْزَاتِ
al-ʔarzāti
أَرْزَاتِ
ʔarzāti

Etymology 2

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ʔa.ruzz/, /ʔu.ruzz/

    Noun

    أَرُزّ or أُرُزّ • (ʔaruzz or ʔuruzzm

    1. alternative form of رُزّ (ruzz)
    Declension
    Declension of noun أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz)‎; أُرُزّ (ʔuruzz)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ
    ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz
    الْأَرُزّ‎; الْأُرُزّ
    al-ʔaruzz‎; al-ʔuruzz
    أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ
    ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz
    nominative أَرُزٌّ‎; أُرُزٌّ
    ʔaruzzun‎; ʔuruzzun
    الْأَرُزُّ‎; الْأُرُزُّ
    al-ʔaruzzu‎; al-ʔuruzzu
    أَرُزُّ‎; أُرُزُّ
    ʔaruzzu‎; ʔuruzzu
    accusative أَرُزًّا‎; أُرُزًّا
    ʔaruzzan‎; ʔuruzzan
    الْأَرُزَّ‎; الْأُرُزَّ
    al-ʔaruzza‎; al-ʔuruzza
    أَرُزَّ‎; أُرُزَّ
    ʔaruzza‎; ʔuruzza
    genitive أَرُزٍّ‎; أُرُزٍّ
    ʔaruzzin‎; ʔuruzzin
    الْأَرُزِّ‎; الْأُرُزِّ
    al-ʔaruzzi‎; al-ʔuruzzi
    أَرُزِّ‎; أُرُزِّ
    ʔaruzzi‎; ʔuruzzi
    Descendants
    • Middle Armenian: ըռուզ (əṙuz)
    • Ottoman Turkish: ارز (ürüz, erz)

    Etymology 3

    Of onomatopoeic origin from a ringing telephone. At its time one also employed إِرْزِيز (ʔirzīz) for the new device of a telephone.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ʔa.raz.za/

    Verb

    أَرَزَّ • (ʔarazza) IV (non-past يُرِزُّ (yurizzu), verbal noun إِرْزَاز (ʔirzāz)) (obsolete)

    1. to telephone, to ring up
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of أَرَزَّ (IV, geminate, full passive, verbal noun إِرْزَاز)
    verbal noun
    الْمَصْدَر
    إِرْزَاز
    ʔirzāz
    active participle
    اِسْم الْفَاعِل
    مُرِزّ
    murizz
    passive participle
    اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
    مُرَزّ
    murazz
    active voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد
    dual
    الْمُثَنَّى
    plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي
    m أَرْزَزْتُ
    ʔarzaztu
    أَرْزَزْتَ
    ʔarzazta
    أَرَزَّ
    ʔarazza
    أَرْزَزْتُمَا
    ʔarzaztumā
    أَرَزَّا
    ʔarazzā
    أَرْزَزْنَا
    ʔarzaznā
    أَرْزَزْتُمْ
    ʔarzaztum
    أَرَزُّوا
    ʔarazzū
    f أَرْزَزْتِ
    ʔarzazti
    أَرَزَّتْ
    ʔarazzat
    أَرَزَّتَا
    ʔarazzatā
    أَرْزَزْتُنَّ
    ʔarzaztunna
    أَرْزَزْنَ
    ʔarzazna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
    m أُرِزُّ
    ʔurizzu
    تُرِزُّ
    turizzu
    يُرِزُّ
    yurizzu
    تُرِزَّانِ
    turizzāni
    يُرِزَّانِ
    yurizzāni
    نُرِزُّ
    nurizzu
    تُرِزُّونَ
    turizzūna
    يُرِزُّونَ
    yurizzūna
    f تُرِزِّينَ
    turizzīna
    تُرِزُّ
    turizzu
    تُرِزَّانِ
    turizzāni
    تُرْزِزْنَ
    turzizna
    يُرْزِزْنَ
    yurzizna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
    m أُرِزَّ
    ʔurizza
    تُرِزَّ
    turizza
    يُرِزَّ
    yurizza
    تُرِزَّا
    turizzā
    يُرِزَّا
    yurizzā
    نُرِزَّ
    nurizza
    تُرِزُّوا
    turizzū
    يُرِزُّوا
    yurizzū
    f تُرِزِّي
    turizzī
    تُرِزَّ
    turizza
    تُرِزَّا
    turizzā
    تُرْزِزْنَ
    turzizna
    يُرْزِزْنَ
    yurzizna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
    m أُرِزَّ, أُرِزِّ, أُرْزِزْ
    ʔurizza, ʔurizzi, ʔurziz
    تُرِزَّ, تُرِزِّ, تُرْزِزْ
    turizza, turizzi, turziz
    يُرِزَّ, يُرِزِّ, يُرْزِزْ
    yurizza, yurizzi, yurziz
    تُرِزَّا
    turizzā
    يُرِزَّا
    yurizzā
    نُرِزَّ, نُرِزِّ, نُرْزِزْ
    nurizza, nurizzi, nurziz
    تُرِزُّوا
    turizzū
    يُرِزُّوا
    yurizzū
    f تُرِزِّي
    turizzī
    تُرِزَّ, تُرِزِّ, تُرْزِزْ
    turizza, turizzi, turziz
    تُرِزَّا
    turizzā
    تُرْزِزْنَ
    turzizna
    يُرْزِزْنَ
    yurzizna
    imperative
    الْأَمْر
    m أَرِزَّ, أَرِزِّ, أَرْزِزْ
    ʔarizza, ʔarizzi, ʔarziz
    أَرِزَّا
    ʔarizzā
    أَرِزُّوا
    ʔarizzū
    f أَرِزِّي
    ʔarizzī
    أَرْزِزْنَ
    ʔarzizna
    passive voice
    الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
    singular
    الْمُفْرَد
    dual
    الْمُثَنَّى
    plural
    الْجَمْع
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    1st person
    الْمُتَكَلِّم
    2nd person
    الْمُخَاطَب
    3rd person
    الْغَائِب
    past (perfect) indicative
    الْمَاضِي
    m أُرْزِزْتُ
    ʔurziztu
    أُرْزِزْتَ
    ʔurzizta
    أُرِزَّ
    ʔurizza
    أُرْزِزْتُمَا
    ʔurziztumā
    أُرِزَّا
    ʔurizzā
    أُرْزِزْنَا
    ʔurziznā
    أُرْزِزْتُمْ
    ʔurziztum
    أُرِزُّوا
    ʔurizzū
    f أُرْزِزْتِ
    ʔurzizti
    أُرِزَّتْ
    ʔurizzat
    أُرِزَّتَا
    ʔurizzatā
    أُرْزِزْتُنَّ
    ʔurziztunna
    أُرْزِزْنَ
    ʔurzizna
    non-past (imperfect) indicative
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
    m أُرَزُّ
    ʔurazzu
    تُرَزُّ
    turazzu
    يُرَزُّ
    yurazzu
    تُرَزَّانِ
    turazzāni
    يُرَزَّانِ
    yurazzāni
    نُرَزُّ
    nurazzu
    تُرَزُّونَ
    turazzūna
    يُرَزُّونَ
    yurazzūna
    f تُرَزِّينَ
    turazzīna
    تُرَزُّ
    turazzu
    تُرَزَّانِ
    turazzāni
    تُرْزَزْنَ
    turzazna
    يُرْزَزْنَ
    yurzazna
    subjunctive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
    m أُرَزَّ
    ʔurazza
    تُرَزَّ
    turazza
    يُرَزَّ
    yurazza
    تُرَزَّا
    turazzā
    يُرَزَّا
    yurazzā
    نُرَزَّ
    nurazza
    تُرَزُّوا
    turazzū
    يُرَزُّوا
    yurazzū
    f تُرَزِّي
    turazzī
    تُرَزَّ
    turazza
    تُرَزَّا
    turazzā
    تُرْزَزْنَ
    turzazna
    يُرْزَزْنَ
    yurzazna
    jussive
    الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
    m أُرَزَّ, أُرَزِّ, أُرْزَزْ
    ʔurazza, ʔurazzi, ʔurzaz
    تُرَزَّ, تُرَزِّ, تُرْزَزْ
    turazza, turazzi, turzaz
    يُرَزَّ, يُرَزِّ, يُرْزَزْ
    yurazza, yurazzi, yurzaz
    تُرَزَّا
    turazzā
    يُرَزَّا
    yurazzā
    نُرَزَّ, نُرَزِّ, نُرْزَزْ
    nurazza, nurazzi, nurzaz
    تُرَزُّوا
    turazzū
    يُرَزُّوا
    yurazzū
    f تُرَزِّي
    turazzī
    تُرَزَّ, تُرَزِّ, تُرْزَزْ
    turazza, turazzi, turzaz
    تُرَزَّا
    turazzā
    تُرْزَزْنَ
    turzazna
    يُرْزَزْنَ
    yurzazna

    Etymology 4

    Verb

    أرز (form I)

    1. أَرُزُّ (ʔaruzzu) /ʔa.ruz.zu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
    2. أُرَزُّ (ʔurazzu) /ʔu.raz.zu/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
    3. أَرُزَّ (ʔaruzza) /ʔa.ruz.za/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
    4. أُرَزَّ (ʔurazza) /ʔu.raz.za/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
    5. أَرُزِّ (ʔaruzzi) /ʔa.ruz.zi/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
    6. أُرَزِّ (ʔurazzi) /ʔu.raz.zi/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ (razza)

    References

    • Löw, Immanuel (1924–1934) Die Flora der Juden[1] (in German), Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 17–26
    • Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 43, noting it is rare in pre-classical Arabic and Arabic savants struggle to define it as they do not know the tree.
    • Puhvel, Jaan (1984–) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), volume 3, page 301
    • Rabin, Chaim (1965) “Millīm ḥittiyōṯ bəʿiḇrīṯ”, in Sefer Segal (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, page 164–165 of 151–179 according to Leslau, Wolf (1991) “አርዝ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 41a
    • Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004) “arz”, in “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis[3], volume 22, number 1, Barcelona, page 113
    • “eren [CEDAR]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary[4], University of Pennsylvania, 2006

    South Levantine Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz).

    Noun

    أرز • (ʔarzm (collective, singulative أرزة f (ʔarze), paucal أرزات (ʔarzāt))

    1. (collective) cedars