أكار
Arabic
FWOTD – 27 February 2025
Alternative forms
- إِكَّار (ʔikkār)
Etymology
Borrowed from Aramaic אִיכָּרָא / אִכָּרָא (ʾikkārā), ܐܱܟ݁ܳܪܴܐ (ʾakkārā, “farmer”), from Akkadian 𒀳 (ikkarum, “farmer”), from Sumerian 𒀳 (engar, “farmer”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔak.kaːr/
Noun
أَكَّار • (ʔakkār) m (plural أَكَّارُون (ʔakkārūn) or أَكَرَة (ʔakara)) (obsolete)
- farmer, tiller, cultivator of land
- Synonyms: زَرَّاع (zarrāʕ), زَارِع (zāriʕ), حَرَّاث (ḥarrāṯ), فَلَّاح (fallāḥ), كَافِر (kāfir), بَرْدَزْبَة (bardazba)
- a. 710, الأخطل [al-ʾaḵṭal], edited by Theodor Nöldeke and August Müller, Delectus veterum carminum arabicorum, Berlin: H. Reuther’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, published 1890, page 54:
- إِنَّ الفَوَارِسَ يَعْرِفُونَ ظُهُورَكُم، أَوْلَادَ كُلِّ مُقَبَّحٍ أَكّارِ!
- ʔinna l-fawārisa yaʕrifūna ẓuhūrakum, ʔawlāda kulli muqabbaḥin ʔakkāri!
- Indeed the nomads know your backs, children of every disdained boor!
- a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “قِصَّةُ ابْنِ العَقَدِيِّ [The Story of Ibn Al-Aqadiyy]”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Cairo, Egypt: Al Dar Al Masriah Al Lubnaniah, published 2021, →ISBN, page 256:
- قَالَ: «يَشْتَرِي لَنَا أَرُزًّا بِقِشْرِهِ وَيَحْمِلُهُ مَعَهُ، لَيْسَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ إِلَّا ذٰلِكَ الْأَرُزّ. فَإِذَا صِرْنَا إِلَى أَرْضِهِ كَلَّفَ أَكَّارَهُ أَنْ يَجُشَّهُ فِي مِجَشَّةٍ لَهُ، […] »
- qāla: “yaštarī lanā ʔaruzzan biqišrihi wayaḥmiluhu maʕahu, laysa maʕahu šayʔun mimmā ḵalaqa llāhu ʔillā ḏālika l-ʔaruzz. faʔiḏā ṣirnā ʔilā ʔarḍihi kallafa ʔakkārahu ʔan yajuššahu fī mijaššatin lahu, […] ”
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَكَّار ʔakkār |
الْأَكَّار al-ʔakkār |
أَكَّار ʔakkār |
| nominative | أَكَّارٌ ʔakkārun |
الْأَكَّارُ al-ʔakkāru |
أَكَّارُ ʔakkāru |
| accusative | أَكَّارًا ʔakkāran |
الْأَكَّارَ al-ʔakkāra |
أَكَّارَ ʔakkāra |
| genitive | أَكَّارٍ ʔakkārin |
الْأَكَّارِ al-ʔakkāri |
أَكَّارِ ʔakkāri |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | أَكَّارَيْن ʔakkārayn |
الْأَكَّارَيْن al-ʔakkārayn |
أَكَّارَيْ ʔakkāray |
| nominative | أَكَّارَانِ ʔakkārāni |
الْأَكَّارَانِ al-ʔakkārāni |
أَكَّارَا ʔakkārā |
| accusative | أَكَّارَيْنِ ʔakkārayni |
الْأَكَّارَيْنِ al-ʔakkārayni |
أَكَّارَيْ ʔakkāray |
| genitive | أَكَّارَيْنِ ʔakkārayni |
الْأَكَّارَيْنِ al-ʔakkārayni |
أَكَّارَيْ ʔakkāray |
| plural | sound masculine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَكَّارِين; أَكَرَة ʔakkārīn; ʔakara |
الْأَكَّارِين; الْأَكَرَة al-ʔakkārīn; al-ʔakara |
أَكَّارِي; أَكَرَة ʔakkārī; ʔakarat |
| nominative | أَكَّارُونَ; أَكَرَةٌ ʔakkārūna; ʔakaratun |
الْأَكَّارُونَ; الْأَكَرَةُ al-ʔakkārūna; al-ʔakaratu |
أَكَّارُو; أَكَرَةُ ʔakkārū; ʔakaratu |
| accusative | أَكَّارِينَ; أَكَرَةً ʔakkārīna; ʔakaratan |
الْأَكَّارِينَ; الْأَكَرَةَ al-ʔakkārīna; al-ʔakarata |
أَكَّارِي; أَكَرَةَ ʔakkārī; ʔakarata |
| genitive | أَكَّارِينَ; أَكَرَةٍ ʔakkārīna; ʔakaratin |
الْأَكَّارِينَ; الْأَكَرَةِ al-ʔakkārīna; al-ʔakarati |
أَكَّارِي; أَكَرَةِ ʔakkārī; ʔakarati |
Derived terms
- أَكَرَ (ʔakara, “to till, to dig up”), present يَأْكِرُ (yaʔkiru)
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 128–129
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “أكار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 71.
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “أكار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 33