بیرون
Persian
Etymology
Inherited from Middle Persian bylwn' (bērōn, “outside”), synchronically analyzable as by-, BRA (bē, “out, but”) + lwn (rōn, “direction, yearning”).[1] The former part can be seen in other New Persian compounds such as بیگانه (bēgāna, “outsider, foreigner”), بیواره (bēwāra, “stranger, foreigner, outsider, loner vagabond”) and بیگار (bēgār, “corvee, forced labour”). The latter component is from Proto-Iranian *raun(a)- (“direction, yearning”), from Proto-Iranian *hraw- (“to stream, flow”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sraw- (“to stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to stream, flow”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /beː.ˈɾuːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [beː.ɾúːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [biː.ɹúːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [be.ɾún]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | bērūn |
| Dari reading? | bērūn |
| Iranian reading? | birun |
| Tajik reading? | berun |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun
بیرون • (bērūn / birun) (Tajik spelling берун)
- the outside
- c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3846”, in The Masnavi:
- من روم بیرون شهر
- man rawam bērūn-i šahr
- I go outside of the city
Preposition
بیرون • (bērūn / birun) (Tajik spelling берун)
- outside, out
- c. 1260, Rumi, “2:1943”, in The Masnavi:
- پنبهی وسواس بیرون کن ز گوش، تا به گوشت آید از گردون خروش
- panba-yi waswās bērūn kun z-i gōš, tā ba gōšat āyad az gardūn xurōš
- take the cotton of whispers [of temptation] out from your ear, so the shouts from Heaven may enter your ears
Derived terms
- بیرون زدن (bērūn zadan / birun zadan, “to project, to come out”)
- بیرونی (bērūnī / biruni, “external”)
References
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bērōn”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 397