جد

See also: حد, خد, and خذ

Arabic

Root
ج د د (j d d)
17 terms

Etymology 1

Cognate with Hebrew גד (gad).

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدَّة (jidda))

to be new

Conjugation

Conjugation of **جَدَّ** (I, geminate, a ~ i, no passive, verbal noun *جِدَّة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					جِدَّة jidda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda	جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā	جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat	جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّتَا jaddatā	جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni	نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā	نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	يَجِدَّ, يَجِدِّ, يَجْدِدْ yajidda, yajiddi, yajdid	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā	نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ, جِدِّ, اِجْدِدْ jidda, jiddi, ijdid		جِدَّا jiddā			جِدُّوا jiddū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		جِدِّي jiddī		جِدَّا jiddā			اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدّ (jidd))

to be serious
to be earnest

Conjugation

Conjugation of **جَدَّ** (I, geminate, a ~ i, no passive, verbal noun **جِدّ**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					جِدّ jidd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda	جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā	جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat	جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّتَا jaddatā	جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni	نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā	نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	يَجِدَّ, يَجِدِّ, يَجْدِدْ yajidda, yajiddi, yajdid	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā	نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	تَجِدَّا tajiddā	نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ, جِدِّ, اِجْدِدْ jidda, jiddi, ijdid		جِدَّا jiddā			جِدُّوا jiddū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		جِدِّي jiddī		جِدَّا jiddā			اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Noun

جِدّ • (jidd) m

verbal noun of جَدَّ (jadda, “to be serious, to be earnest”)
seriousness, earnestness
diligence, assiduity, eagerness

Declension

Declension of noun **جِدّ** (jidd)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِدّ jidd	الْجِدّ al-jidd	جِدّ jidd
nominative	جِدٌّ jiddun	الْجِدُّ al-jiddu	جِدُّ jiddu
accusative	جِدًّا jiddan	الْجِدَّ al-jidda	جِدَّ jidda
genitive	جِدٍّ jiddin	الْجِدِّ al-jiddi	جِدِّ jiddi

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural جُدُود (judūd))

good luck, good fortune

Declension

Declension of noun **جَدّ** (jadd)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُدُود judūd	الْجُدُود al-judūd	جُدُود judūd
nominative	جُدُودٌ judūdun	الْجُدُودُ al-judūdu	جُدُودُ judūdu
accusative	جُدُودًا judūdan	الْجُدُودَ al-judūda	جُدُودَ judūda
genitive	جُدُودٍ judūdin	الْجُدُودِ al-judūdi	جُدُودِ judūdi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒadd/

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural أَجْدَاد (ʔajdād) or جُدُود (judūd) or جُدُودَة (judūda), feminine جَدَّة (jadda))

grandfather
ancestor
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) glory
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) Majesty
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) grandeur
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) excellence
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) ancient

Declension

Declension of noun **جَدّ** (jadd)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūda	الْأَجْدَاد‎; الْجُدُود‎; الْجُدُودَة al-ʔajdād‎; al-judūd‎; al-judūda	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūdat
nominative	أَجْدَادٌ‎; جُدُودٌ‎; جُدُودَةٌ ʔajdādun‎; judūdun‎; judūdatun	الْأَجْدَادُ‎; الْجُدُودُ‎; الْجُدُودَةُ al-ʔajdādu‎; al-judūdu‎; al-judūdatu	أَجْدَادُ‎; جُدُودُ‎; جُدُودَةُ ʔajdādu‎; judūdu‎; judūdatu
accusative	أَجْدَادًا‎; جُدُودًا‎; جُدُودَةً ʔajdādan‎; judūdan‎; judūdatan	الْأَجْدَادَ‎; الْجُدُودَ‎; الْجُدُودَةَ al-ʔajdāda‎; al-judūda‎; al-judūdata	أَجْدَادَ‎; جُدُودَ‎; جُدُودَةَ ʔajdāda‎; judūda‎; judūdata
genitive	أَجْدَادٍ‎; جُدُودٍ‎; جُدُودَةٍ ʔajdādin‎; judūdin‎; judūdatin	الْأَجْدَادِ‎; الْجُدُودِ‎; الْجُدُودَةِ al-ʔajdādi‎; al-judūdi‎; al-judūdati	أَجْدَادِ‎; جُدُودِ‎; جُدُودَةِ ʔajdādi‎; judūdi‎; judūdati

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: يد (yad(d))
Maltese: ġidd

References

Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “جد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.

Etymology 3

Verb

جِدْ • (jid) (form I) /d͡ʒid/

second-person masculine singular imperative of وَجَدَ (wajada)

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd, “grandfather”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡidd/, [ɡɪdː], [ˈɡɪdːe] (before a consonant), [ɡed] (sentence final)

Noun

جدّ • (gidd) m (plural اجداد (agdād), feminine جدّة (gidda))

grandfather
Synonym: جدّو (giddu) (familiar)
(chiefly in the plural) ancestor

Derived terms

جدّو (giddu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic جَادّ (jādd, “serious”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

Adjective

جدّ • (gadd) (singular only, masculine only)

serious
الموضوع جدّ ― il-mawḍūʕ gadd ― The situation is serious

Related terms

بجدّ (bigadd, “actually; really”)

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَدَّ (jadda, “to work diligently; to be serious”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

Verb

جدّ • (gadd) (verbal noun جدّ (gidd))

(uncommon, somewhat formal) to work hard, to work diligently
Synonym: اجتهد (igtahad)

Usage notes

Usually only used with اجتهد (igtahad).

جدّ واجتهد ― gidd w-igtihid ― Work hard (imperative)

Conjugation

Conjugation of جد
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	جديت (gaddēt)	جديت (gaddēt)	جد (gadd)	جدينا (gaddēna)	جديتوا (gaddētu)	جدوا (gaddu)
past	f	جديت (gaddēt)	جديتي (gaddēti)	جدت (gaddit)	جدينا (gaddēna)	جديتوا (gaddētu)	جدوا (gaddu)
present subjunctive	m	اجد (agidd)	تجد (tigidd)	يجد (yigidd)	نجد (nigidd)	تجدوا (tigiddu)	يجدوا (yigiddu)
present subjunctive	f	اجد (agidd)	تجدي (tigiddi)	تجد (tígidd)	نجد (nigidd)	تجدوا (tigiddu)	يجدوا (yigiddu)
present indicative	m	بجد (bagidd)	بتجد (bitgidd)	بيجد (biygidd)	بنجد (bingidd)	بتجدوا (bitgiddu)	بيجدوا (biygiddu)
present indicative	f	بجد (bagidd)	بتجدي (bitgiddi)	بتجد (bitgidd)	بنجد (bingidd)	بتجدوا (bitgiddu)	بيجدوا (biygiddu)
future¹	m	هجد (hagidd)	هتجد (hatgidd)	هيجد (haygidd)	هنجد (hangidd)	هتجدوا (hatgiddu)	هيجدوا (haygiddu)
future¹	f	هجد (hagidd)	هتجدي (hatgiddi)	هتجد (hatgidd)	هنجد (hangidd)	هتجدوا (hatgiddu)	هيجدوا (haygiddu)
imperative	m		جد (gidd)			جدوا (giddu)
imperative	f		جدي (giddi)			جدوا (giddu)

¹ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʒadd/

Noun

جد • (jadd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدة (jadda))

grandfather
جدي توفى هادي شي سبع سنين.
jaddi twaffa hādi ši sabʕ snīn.
My grandfather died approximately 7 years ago.
ancestor
جدودنا كانوا ناس. ― jdūdna kānu nās. ― Our ancestors were brave people.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جد • (cedd) (plural اجداد)

ancestor

Descendants

Turkish: cet

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒadd/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæd̪̥(ː)]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jadd
Dari reading^?	jadd
Iranian reading^?	jadd
Tajik reading^?	jadd

Noun


Iranian Persian	جد
Dari	جد
Tajik	ҷад

جد • (jadd) (plural اجداد (ajdād))

ancestor
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 367:
  گر نبودی کوشش احمد تو هم
  میپرستیدی چو اجدادت صنم
  gar na-būdī kōšiš-i ahmad tū ham
  mē-parastīdī čō ajdād-at sanam
  Had it not been for the efforts of Ahmad, you also,
  like your ancestors, would be worshipping idols.

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “جد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʒadd/, [ʒad]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd, jidd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدّة (jadde, jidde))

grandfather
Endearing form: جدّو (jaddo, jiddo)

Synonym: سيد (sīd)

Etymology 2

From Arabic جِدّ (jidd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd) m

seriousness, earnestness

Derived terms

عن جد (ʕan jadd, “seriously, really”)