جهنم
See also: جہنم
Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם (gēhinnām), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”). The vocalization suggests that it may have been borrowed via Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähännäm).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒa.han.nam/
Proper noun
جَهَنَّم • (jahannam) f
- (Islam, Christianity) hell, Gehenna
Declension
| singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | — | جَهَنَّم jahannam |
— |
| nominative | — | جَهَنَّمُ jahannamu |
— |
| accusative | — | جَهَنَّمَ jahannama |
— |
| genitive | — | جَهَنَّمَ jahannama |
— |
Related terms
- جَهَنَّمِيّ (jahannamiyy)
Descendants
- → Armenian: ջանդամ (ǰandam), ջհանդամ (ǰhandam), ջահանդամ (ǰahandam), ջհաննամ (ǰhannam), ջայնամ (ǰaynam), ջահնամ (ǰahnam)
- → Bashkir: йәһәннәм (yəhənnəm)
- → English: Jahannam
- → Karaim: джаханам (cahanam)
- → Kazakh: жаһаннам (jahannam)
- → Malay: jahanam
- → Old Anatolian Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
- → Classical Persian: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
- → Swahili: jahanamu
- → Tabasaran: жегьеннем (žehennem)
- → Turkmen: jähennem
References
- Jonas Meyer (1901) Die Hölle im Islam[1] (in German), Basel: Fr. Reinhardt, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei,
Old Anatolian Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).
Noun
جَهَنَّمْ • (cehennem)
- (Islam) hell, inferno, Jahannam; a place of torment where some or all sinners are believed to go after death and evil spirits are believed to be.
Derived terms
- جهنم اودی (cehennem odı, “hellfire”)
Descendants
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish جهنم (cehennem), from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).
Noun
جهنم • (cehennem)
Derived terms
- جهنم طاشی (cehennem taşı, “lunar caustic”)
- جهنم كوتوكی (cehennem kütüğü, “a hardened sinner”)
- جهنملك (cehennemlik, “place like hell; one who is destined to hell”)
- جهنملی (cehennemli, “hellish, damned”)
- جهنمی (cehennemî, “hellish, damned”)
Descendants
- Turkish: cehennem
- → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
- → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
- → Gagauz: cendem
- → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
click to expand
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cehennem”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 768
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جهنم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 193a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جهنم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 453
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Infernus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 795
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جهنم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 1695
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cehennem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جهنم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 694
Persian
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /d͡ʒa.han.ˈnam/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦæn.nǽm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | jahannam |
| Dari reading? | jahannam |
| Iranian reading? | jahannam |
| Tajik reading? | jahannam |
Noun
| Dari | جهنم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҷаҳаннам |
جَهَنَّم • (jahannam)