حرام
See also: حزام
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ح ر م (ḥ r m), related to Hebrew חֵרֶם (ḥērem, “taboo, consecration”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.raːm/
Adjective
حَرَام • (ḥarām) (feminine حَرَام (ḥarām), common plural حُرُم (ḥurum))
- forbidden, interdicted, unlawful, illegitimate
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 10:59:
- قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُم مَّاۤ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّٰهُ لَكُم مِّن رِّزۡقࣲ فَجَعَلۡتُم مِّنۡهُ حَرَامࣰا وَحَلَـٰلࣰا قُلۡ ءَاۤللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمۡ ۖ أَمۡ عَلَى ٱللَّٰهِ تَفۡتَرُونَ
- qul ʔa-raʔaytum mā ʔanzala l-lahu lakum min rizqin fa-jaʕaltum minhu ḥarāman wa-ḥalālan qul ʔāllāhu ʔaḏina lakum ʔam ʕalā llāhi taftarūna
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- ill-gotten; stolen
- inviolable, sacred, sacrosanct, taboo
- اَلْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ ― al-ʔašhuru l-ḥurumu ― The sacred months.
- cursed, accursed, anathema
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | basic singular triptote | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَرَام ḥarām |
الْحَرَام al-ḥarām |
حَرَام ḥarām |
الْحَرَام al-ḥarām |
| nominative | حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun |
الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu |
حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun |
الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu |
| accusative | حَرَامًا ḥarāman |
الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma |
حَرَامًا ḥarāman |
الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma |
| genitive | حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin |
الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi |
حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin |
الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi |
| dual | masculine | feminine | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَرَام; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām; ḥarāmayn |
الْحَرَام; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām; al-ḥarāmayn |
حَرَام; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām; ḥarāmayn |
الْحَرَام; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām; al-ḥarāmayn |
| nominative | حَرَامٌ; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun; ḥarāmāni |
الْحَرَامُ; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥarāmāni |
حَرَامٌ; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun; ḥarāmāni |
الْحَرَامُ; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥarāmāni |
| accusative | حَرَامًا; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman; ḥarāmayni |
الْحَرَامَ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥarāmayni |
حَرَامًا; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman; ḥarāmayni |
الْحَرَامَ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥarāmayni |
| genitive | حَرَامٍ; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin; ḥarāmayni |
الْحَرَامِ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥarāmayni |
حَرَامٍ; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin; ḥarāmayni |
الْحَرَامِ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥarāmayni |
| plural | masculine | feminine | ||
| basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَرَام; حُرُم ḥarām; ḥurum |
الْحَرَام; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām; al-ḥurum |
حَرَام; حُرُم ḥarām; ḥurum |
الْحَرَام; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām; al-ḥurum |
| nominative | حَرَامٌ; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun; ḥurumun |
الْحَرَامُ; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥurumu |
حَرَامٌ; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun; ḥurumun |
الْحَرَامُ; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥurumu |
| accusative | حَرَامًا; حُرُمًا ḥarāman; ḥuruman |
الْحَرَامَ; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥuruma |
حَرَامًا; حُرُمًا ḥarāman; ḥuruman |
الْحَرَامَ; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥuruma |
| genitive | حَرَامٍ; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin; ḥurumin |
الْحَرَامِ; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥurumi |
حَرَامٍ; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin; ḥurumin |
الْحَرَامِ; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥurumi |
Antonyms
- حَلَال (ḥalāl)
Descendants
- Maltese: ħram
- South Levantine Arabic: حرام
- → Afar: caráamu
- → Azerbaijani: haram
- → Catalan: haram
- → Classical Persian: حَرَام (harām)
- → Dutch: haram
- → English: haram
- → Finnish: haram
- → Hausa: haram
- → Malay: haram
- → Indonesian: haram
- → Portuguese: haram
- → Swahili: haramu
- → Ottoman Turkish: حرام
- → Swedish: haram
- → Tagalog: haram
- → Uyghur: ھارام (haram)
Noun
حَرَام • (ḥarām) m
- verbal noun of حَرِمَ (ḥarima) (form I)
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
- اِبْنُ حَرَامٍ ― ibnu ḥarāmin ― illegitimate son/child (bastard)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | حَرَام ḥarām |
الْحَرَام al-ḥarām |
حَرَام ḥarām |
| nominative | حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun |
الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu |
حَرَامُ ḥarāmu |
| accusative | حَرَامًا ḥarāman |
الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma |
حَرَامَ ḥarāma |
| genitive | حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin |
الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi |
حَرَامِ ḥarāmi |
Etymology 2
A modern coinage, having its name because of the resemblance to the إِحْرام (ʔiḥrām) of Mecca pilgrims.
Noun
حِرَام • (ḥirām) m (plural حِرَامَات (ḥirāmāt) or أَحْرِمَة (ʔaḥrima))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | حِرَام ḥirām |
الْحِرَام al-ḥirām |
حِرَام ḥirām |
| nominative | حِرَامٌ ḥirāmun |
الْحِرَامُ al-ḥirāmu |
حِرَامُ ḥirāmu |
| accusative | حِرَامًا ḥirāman |
الْحِرَامَ al-ḥirāma |
حِرَامَ ḥirāma |
| genitive | حِرَامٍ ḥirāmin |
الْحِرَامِ al-ḥirāmi |
حِرَامِ ḥirāmi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | حِرَامَيْن ḥirāmayn |
الْحِرَامَيْن al-ḥirāmayn |
حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| nominative | حِرَامَانِ ḥirāmāni |
الْحِرَامَانِ al-ḥirāmāni |
حِرَامَا ḥirāmā |
| accusative | حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni |
الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni |
حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| genitive | حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni |
الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni |
حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | حِرَامَات; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt; ʔaḥrima |
الْحِرَامَات; الْأَحْرِمَة al-ḥirāmāt; al-ʔaḥrima |
حِرَامَات; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt; ʔaḥrimat |
| nominative | حِرَامَاتٌ; أَحْرِمَةٌ ḥirāmātun; ʔaḥrimatun |
الْحِرَامَاتُ; الْأَحْرِمَةُ al-ḥirāmātu; al-ʔaḥrimatu |
حِرَامَاتُ; أَحْرِمَةُ ḥirāmātu; ʔaḥrimatu |
| accusative | حِرَامَاتٍ; أَحْرِمَةً ḥirāmātin; ʔaḥrimatan |
الْحِرَامَاتِ; الْأَحْرِمَةَ al-ḥirāmāti; al-ʔaḥrimata |
حِرَامَاتِ; أَحْرِمَةَ ḥirāmāti; ʔaḥrimata |
| genitive | حِرَامَاتٍ; أَحْرِمَةٍ ḥirāmātin; ʔaḥrimatin |
الْحِرَامَاتِ; الْأَحْرِمَةِ al-ḥirāmāti; al-ʔaḥrimati |
حِرَامَاتِ; أَحْرِمَةِ ḥirāmāti; ʔaḥrimati |
References
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حرام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 250
- Worrell, William Hoyt (1935) “More about Arabic Terms for ”Rug””, in Ars Islamica, volume 2, number 1, , page 68
Pahari-Potwari
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian حَرَام (harām), from Arabic حرام (ḥarām)
Adjective
حرام (ḥrām)
Persian
Alternative forms
- (Tehrani) حروم (harum)
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ha.ˈɾaːm/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [hä.ɾɑ́ːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [hæ.ɹɒ́ːm]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [hæ.ɹúːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hä.ɾɔ́m]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | harām |
| Dari reading? | harām |
| Iranian reading? | harâm |
| Tajik reading? | harom |
Adjective
| Dari | حرام |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҳаром |
حرام • (harâm)
- (Islam) haram
- forbidden
- illegitimate
- poor thing (as a compassionate expression)
- Synonym: بیچاره
Antonyms
- حلال (halâl)
Derived terms
- حرامزاده (harâm-zâde)
- حرامزادگی (harâm-zâdegi)
Descendants
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح ر م |
| 5 terms |
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Adjective
حرام • (ḥarām) (feminine حرام (ḥarām))
Antonyms
- حلال (ḥalāl)
Noun
حرام • (ḥarām) m
See also
- حرّم (ḥarram, “to prohibit”)
Etymology 2
From Arabic إِحْرَام (ʔiḥrām).
Pronunciation
Noun
حرام • (ḥrām) m (plural حرامات (ḥrāmāt))
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian حَرَام (harām), from Arabic حرام (ḥarām)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦə.ɾɑːm/
Audio (Pakistan): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːm
Adjective
حرام • (harām) (Hindi spelling हराम)
Ushojo
Etymology
Adjective
حرام (harām)