خویش
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.
The first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (reflexive pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *swós.[1] (compare Persian خود (xwad / xod, “self”))
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈxʷeːʃ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [xeːʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xiːʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χeʃ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | xwēš |
| Dari reading? | xēš |
| Iranian reading? | xiš |
| Tajik reading? | xeš |
Pronoun
خویش • (xwēš / xiš)
Noun
خویش • (xwēš / xiš)
Usage notes
In Modern Colloquial and Standard Persian, the term has largely been replaced by خود (xwad / xod), and is used almost exclusively in literary contexts.
Derived terms
- خویشاوند (xwēšāwand / xišâvand)
- قوم و خویش (qawm u xwēš / ġowm o xiš, “relatives, family”)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: xiş
- → Bengali: খেশ (kheś)
- → Chagatai: خویش
- Uzbek: xesh
- → Hindustani:
- Urdu: خویش (xeś)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خویش
- Turkish: hiş
References
- ^ Pokorny 992