زمام
Arabic
Etymology
Probably a culture word, an early borrowing from Aramaic זְמָמָא / ܙܡܳܡܳܐ (zəmāmā, “reins”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zi.maːm/
Noun
زِمَام • (zimām) m (plural أَزِمَّة (ʔazimma))
- reins
- (figuratively) power, control, leads, initiative, reins
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) day book, register
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) ground, land
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | زِمَام zimām |
الزِّمَام az-zimām |
زِمَام zimām |
| nominative | زِمَامٌ zimāmun |
الزِّمَامُ az-zimāmu |
زِمَامُ zimāmu |
| accusative | زِمَامًا zimāman |
الزِّمَامَ az-zimāma |
زِمَامَ zimāma |
| genitive | زِمَامٍ zimāmin |
الزِّمَامِ az-zimāmi |
زِمَامِ zimāmi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | زِمَامَيْن zimāmayn |
الزِّمَامَيْن az-zimāmayn |
زِمَامَيْ zimāmay |
| nominative | زِمَامَانِ zimāmāni |
الزِّمَامَانِ az-zimāmāni |
زِمَامَا zimāmā |
| accusative | زِمَامَيْنِ zimāmayni |
الزِّمَامَيْنِ az-zimāmayni |
زِمَامَيْ zimāmay |
| genitive | زِمَامَيْنِ zimāmayni |
الزِّمَامَيْنِ az-zimāmayni |
زِمَامَيْ zimāmay |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَزِمَّة ʔazimma |
الْأَزِمَّة al-ʔazimma |
أَزِمَّة ʔazimmat |
| nominative | أَزِمَّةٌ ʔazimmatun |
الْأَزِمَّةُ al-ʔazimmatu |
أَزِمَّةُ ʔazimmatu |
| accusative | أَزِمَّةً ʔazimmatan |
الْأَزِمَّةَ al-ʔazimmata |
أَزِمَّةَ ʔazimmata |
| genitive | أَزِمَّةٍ ʔazimmatin |
الْأَزِمَّةِ al-ʔazimmati |
أَزِمَّةِ ʔazimmati |
Derived terms
- زَمَّ (zamma, “to tie, to fix, to bind”), present يَزُمُّ (yazummu)
- زَمَّمَ (zammama, “to bridle”)
- اِنْزَمَّ (inzamma, “to become tied, to become fixed, to become bound”)
Descendants
- → Afar: dumaam
- → Amharic: ዝማም (zəmam)
- → Ge'ez: ዝማም (zəmam)
- → Ottoman Turkish: زمام (zimam)
- Turkish: zimam
- → Saho: zumaam
- → Somali: dumaam
- → Tigre: ዝማም (zəmam)
- → Tigrinya: ዝማም (zəmam)
References
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 638
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, , page 41
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic زِمَام (zimām, “reins”), itself from Aramaic זְמָמָא (zəmāmā, “reins”).
Noun
زمام • (zimâm) (definite accusative زمامی (zimâmı), plural ازمه (ezimme))
- rein, a strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child when riding or driving
- Synonym: دیزكین (dizgin)
- (figuratively) administration, management, the use of resources combined with planning, leadership and execution skills
Derived terms
- زمامدار (zimâmdâr, “person who holds the reins”)
Descendants
- Turkish: zimam
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zimam1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5485
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zimâm”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1428
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زمام”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 646
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Habena”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 680
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زمام”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, column 2462
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زمام”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1012
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic زِمَام (zimām).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /zi.ˈmaːm/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zɪ.mɑ́ːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ze.mɒ́ːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zi.mɔ́m]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zimām |
| Dari reading? | zimām |
| Iranian reading? | zemâm |
| Tajik reading? | zimom |
Noun
زمام • (zemâm)
- power, control, leads, initiative, reins
- زمام امور را در دست گرفت.
- zemâm-e omur râ dar dast gereft.
- He took the reins of power.
- (archaic, literal) rein (on an animal)
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “زمام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim