سفید

Pahari-Potwari

Etymology

    Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

    Adjective

    سَفید (safed)

    1. white

    Persian

    Alternative forms

    • سپید (sapêd) (literary, poetic)
    • اسپید (espêd) (poetic, dialectal)[1]
    • اسفید (esfid), اسبید (esbêd)[2][3]
    • سیفید (sifid) (dialectal, Abadeh), سفی (sefi) (dialectal, Sistan)

    Etymology

      From earlier سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, white), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (bright; shine). Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, white), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, white, bright).

      Pronunciation

       

      Readings
      Classical reading? safēd
      Dari reading? safēd
      Iranian reading? sefid
      Tajik reading? safed
      • Audio (Iran):(file)

      Adjective

      Dari سفید
      Iranian Persian
      Tajik сафед

      سفید • (sefid)

      1. white
      2. fair
      3. pale
      4. clear

      Derived terms

      • سفیدپر (sefid-par, mosquito)
      • سفیدبا (sefid-bâ, blancmange)
      • سفیدی (sefidi, whiteness)
      • سفیدک (sefidak)
      • سفیده (sefide, egg white)

      Descendants

      See also

      References

      • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
      • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
      • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
      • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

      Urdu

      Etymology

        Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

        Pronunciation

        Adjective

        سَفید • (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)

        1. white
        2. clean
        3. blank

        Synonyms

        Derived terms

        • سفیدہ (safēdā)
        • سفیدی (safēdī)

        See also

        Colors in Urdu · رنگ (layout · text)
             سادہ (sādā), سفید (safed), اُجّر (ujjar)      سلیٹی (sleṭī), چھائی (chāī), دھوسر (dhūsar), سرمئی (surmaī)      کالا (kālā), سانولا (sā̃wlā)
                     لال (lāl), سرخ (surx), راتا (rātā); مہرون (mehroon), سندوری (sindoorī) قرمزی (qirmizī)              اورنج (ŏrenj), نارنگی (narngī), کیسری (kesarī), گیروا (geruwā), بھگوا (bhagwa), زعفرانی (zafrānī); بھورا (bhūrā), کتھئی (katthaī), چوکلیٹی (cokleṭī), خاکی (xākī)              پیلا (pīlā), بسنتی (basantī), زرد (zard); گیہُواں (gehũā), بدامی (badāmī)
                     لائم (lāim), انگوری (angūrī)              ہرا (harā), سُگَّا (suggā), سبز (sabz)              پودین ہرا (pūdīn harā); گاڑھا ہرا (gāṛhā harā)
                     فیروزہ (fīroza)              لاجوردی (lājwardī)              نیلا (nīlā)
                     بینگنی (baiganī), اودا (oodā)              رانی (rānī); جامنی (jāmunī)              گلابی (gulābī)

        Further reading

        • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
        • سفید”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.