غریب
See also: غريب
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic غَرِيب (ḡarīb).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɣa.ˈɾiːb/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɣä.ɾíːb]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qæ.ɹíːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʁä.ɾíb]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ġarīb |
| Dari reading? | ġarīb |
| Iranian reading? | ġarib |
| Tajik reading? | ġarib |
Noun
| Dari | غریب |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ғариб |
غریب • (ġarib) (plural غریبها (ġarib-hâ), or غریبان (ġaribân))
Usage notes
The words غریب (ġarib), غریبی (ġaribi), and غربت (ġorbat) are used when talking from the point of view of the foreigner, e.g. when the speaker himself/herself is a foreigner; for example:
- اینجا تو آلمان خیلی غریبم.
- I [feel] so much [like] a foreigner here in Germany.
- غم غربت پدرمو در آورد.
- ġam-e ġorbat pedaramo dar âvord.
- I'm sick and tired of the pain of foreignness.
- غریبی نکن! باهام حرف بزن.
- Don't feel to be a stranger! Talk with me.
Derived terms
- غریبی (ġaribi)
Related terms
- غربت (ġorbat)
Adjective
غریب • (ġarib) (comparative غریبتَر, superlative غریبتَرین)
- strange
- 10th Century, Ferdowsi, Shahname.
- غریب آهوئی آمدم در کمند
که از بند جست و مرا کرد بند.
- rare
- 12th Century, Nizami Ganjavi, Khamse.
- به وقت خورش هرکه باشد طبیب
بپرهیزد از خورده های غریب
- foreign, alien
- 14th Century, Hafez, Divan-e Hafez-e Shirazi.
- گر آمدم به کوی تو چندان غریب نیست
چون من در آن دیار هزاران غریب هست
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (“I am, we are”) |
غریبم (ġaribam) | غریبیم (ġaribim) |
| 2nd person (“you are”) |
غریبی (ġaribi) | غریبید، غریبین△ (ġaribid, ġaribin△) |
| 3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”) |
غریب است، غریبه△ (ġarib ast, ġaribe△) | غریبند، غریبن△ (ġariband, ġariban△) |
△ Colloquial.
Punjabi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian غَرِیب (ġarīb), borrowed from Arabic غَرِيب (ḡarīb), from غَرُبَ (ḡaruba).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /ɡə.ɾiːb/, /ɣə.ɾiːb/
- Hyphenation: غ‧ریب
- Rhymes: -iːb
Adjective
غَرِیب • (ġarīb) (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਗ਼ਰੀਬ)
- poor (as opposed to rich)
- Antonym: اَمِیر (amīr)
- poor; helpless
- (figuratively) meek, humble
- (literally, rare) strange
Noun
غَرِیب • (ġarīb) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਗ਼ਰੀਬ)
- a poor person
- (in the plural) the poor; destitute, working class
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | غَرِیب (ġarīb) | غَرِیب (ġarīb) |
| oblique | غَرِیب (ġarīb) | غَرِیباں (ġarībāṉ) |
| vocative | غَرِیبا (ġarībā) | غَرِیبو (ġarībo) |
| ablative | غَرِیبوں (ġarīboṉ) | غَرِیباں (ġarībāṉ) |
| locative | غَرِیبے (ġarībe) | غَرِیبِیں (ġarībīṉ) |
| instrumental | غَرِیبوں (ġarīboṉ) | – |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “غرِیب”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “غریب”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
- “ਗਰੀਬ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
Urdu
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian غَرِیب (ġarīb), borrowed from Arabic غَرِيب (ḡarīb), from غَرُبَ (ḡaruba).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɣə.ɾiːb/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iːb
- Hyphenation: غَ‧رِیب
Adjective
غَرِیب • (ġarīb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ग़रीब)
- poor, lowly
- وہ ایک غَرِیب لَکَڑْہارے سے لَکْڑی کَٹْوانے گَیا ہَے۔
- vo ek ġarīb lakaṛhāre se lakṛī kaṭvāne gayā hai.
- He went to get the wood cut by a poor carpenter.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | غَرِیب (ġarīb) | غَرِیب (ġarīb) |
| oblique | غَرِیب (ġarīb) | غَرِیبوں (ġarībõ) |
| vocative | غَرِیب (ġarīb) | غَرِیبو (ġarībo) |
Descendants
- → Phalura: ɣaríb