فرعون
Arabic
Etymology
The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fir.ʕawn/
Proper noun
فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m
- (without article) Pharaoh (as a title, especially referring to the Quranic/Biblical antagonist of Moses)
Declension
| singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | — | فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
— |
| nominative | — | فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu |
— |
| accusative | — | فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
— |
| genitive | — | فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
— |
Noun
فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m (plural فَرَاعِنَة (farāʕina))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
الْفِرْعَوْن al-firʕawn |
فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
| nominative | فِرْعَوْنٌ firʕawnun |
الْفِرْعَوْنُ al-firʕawnu |
فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu |
| accusative | فِرْعَوْنًا firʕawnan |
الْفِرْعَوْنَ al-firʕawna |
فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
| genitive | فِرْعَوْنٍ firʕawnin |
الْفِرْعَوْنِ al-firʕawni |
فِرْعَوْنِ firʕawni |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | فِرْعَوْنَيْن firʕawnayn |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْن al-firʕawnayn |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| nominative | فِرْعَوْنَانِ firʕawnāni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَانِ al-firʕawnāni |
فِرْعَوْنَا firʕawnā |
| accusative | فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| genitive | فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | فَرَاعِنَة farāʕina |
الْفَرَاعِنَة al-farāʕina |
فَرَاعِنَة farāʕinat |
| nominative | فَرَاعِنَةٌ farāʕinatun |
الْفَرَاعِنَةُ al-farāʕinatu |
فَرَاعِنَةُ farāʕinatu |
| accusative | فَرَاعِنَةً farāʕinatan |
الْفَرَاعِنَةَ al-farāʕinata |
فَرَاعِنَةَ farāʕinata |
| genitive | فَرَاعِنَةٍ farāʕinatin |
الْفَرَاعِنَةِ al-farāʕinati |
فَرَاعِنَةِ farāʕinati |
Derived terms
- تَفَرْعَنَ (tafarʕana)
Descendants
- Hijazi Arabic: فرعون (firʕōn)
- Maltese: fergħun
- → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
- → Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
- → Hindustani:
- → Malay: firaun
- → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون (firʼavun)
- Turkish: firavun
- → Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
- → Swahili: firauni
- → Tajik: фиръавн (fir'avn)
- → Uzbek: firʼavn
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 225
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “فرعون”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Further reading
- فرعون on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ar
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fir.ʕoːn/, [fɪr.ʕo̞ːn]
Noun
فرعون • (firʕōn) m (plural فراعنة (farāʕna))
Kohistani Shina
Noun
فرعون (fir'on)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn, “pharaoh”), probably from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).
Noun
فرعون • (firʼavun) (definite accusative فرعونی (firʼavunu), plural فرعونلر (firʼavunlar))
- (historical) pharaoh, the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt and the intermediary between the gods and the people
Derived terms
- فرعون انجیری (firʼavun inciri, “sycamore”)
- فرعون تاجی (firʼavun tacı, “bishop's mitre shell”)
- فرعون تپه‌سی (firʼavun tepesi, “pyramid”)
- فرعون فاره‌سی (firʼavun faresi, “ichneumon”)
- فرعونلق (firʼavunluk, “self-willedness”)
- فرعونی (firʼavnî, “self-willedness”)
- قوم فرعون (kavm-i firʼavun, “Egyptians”)
Descendants
- Turkish: firavun
Further reading
click to expand
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 410
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “firavun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1596
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “فرعون”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 342a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 894
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Pharao”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1295
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فرعون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 3502
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “firavun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فرعون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1377
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /fiɾ.ˈʔawn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [feɹ.ʔown]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fiɾ.ʔäwn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | fir'awn |
| Dari reading? | fir'awn |
| Iranian reading? | fer'own |
| Tajik reading? | fir'avn |
Noun
| Dari | فرعون |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | фиръавн |
فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene), or فرعون‌ها)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /fɪɾ.(ʔ)ɔːn/
- Rhymes: -ɔːn
- Hyphenation: فِر‧عَون
Noun
فرعون • (fir‘aun) m (formal plural فراعنہ, Hindi spelling फ़िरौन)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) |
| oblique | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونوں (fir'aunõ) |
| vocative | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونو (fir'auno) |