قلقاس
Arabic
Alternative forms
- قُلْقَاص (qulqāṣ)
- قُرْقَاص (qurqāṣ) dubiously read and mistranslated in يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām] (c. 1200) José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture] (in Arabic), volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 24, Art. 9, page 212
Etymology
From Classical Syriac ܩܠܩܐܣ (qōlqās), ܩܠܘܩܣ (qōlqōs), ܩܠܘܩܘܣ (qōlōqōs), ܩܠܩܐ (qalqā, qelqā, “taro”), still attested in Turoyo ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqo, “a kind of cardoon or artichoke”), Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa) and in some dialects ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna), which also explains Persian کنگر (kangar, “thistle; acanthus”), and also in Mishnaic Hebrew קולקס, קרקס (“taro”).
This is said to be from Egyptian, as the Ancient Greek κολοκασία (kolokasía) and Latin colocasia meaning taro is known to be transferred only from the 4th century AD from the meaning of sacred lotus which also has an edible rhizome, but Coptic ⲕⲟⲗⲧⲁϧ (koltax), ⲕⲟⲗⲅⲁⲥ (kolgas), ⲕⲟⲣⲕⲁⲥⲓ (korkasi) is reckoned as from Hebrew or Arabic.
The origin is then Semitic at least ultimately in view of Akkadian qulqulliānu, qulqullânu (“a type of cassia?”), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎍𐎖𐎍 (qlql, some medicinal plant also fed to horses), Hebrew קְלוֹקֵל (qəlōqēl, “inferior, poor; miserable food”), Arabic قِلْقِل (qilqil, “some kind of hard-grained plant”), قُلَاقِل (qulāqil, “devil-bean, Crotalaria retusa”), the latter and قُلْقُل (qulqul) also meaning “agile, exuberant”, evidently all just reduplications of the root ق ل ل (q l l).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qul.qaːs/
- (Hijazi) IPA(key): /ɡul.ɡaːs/, [ɡʊl.ɡaːs]
Noun
قُلْقَاس • (qulqās) m (collective, singulative قُلْقَاسَة f (qulqāsa))
- Colocasia; taro
- (obsolete, rare) Cynara; cardoon or artichoke
- Synonyms: قَنَّارِيَّة (qannāriyya), خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf), كَنْكَر (kankar)
Declension
| collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | قُلْقَاس qulqās |
الْقُلْقَاس al-qulqās |
قُلْقَاس qulqās |
| nominative | قُلْقَاسٌ qulqāsun |
الْقُلْقَاسُ al-qulqāsu |
قُلْقَاسُ qulqāsu |
| accusative | قُلْقَاسًا qulqāsan |
الْقُلْقَاسَ al-qulqāsa |
قُلْقَاسَ qulqāsa |
| genitive | قُلْقَاسٍ qulqāsin |
الْقُلْقَاسِ al-qulqāsi |
قُلْقَاسِ qulqāsi |
| singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | قُلْقَاسَة qulqāsa |
الْقُلْقَاسَة al-qulqāsa |
قُلْقَاسَة qulqāsat |
| nominative | قُلْقَاسَةٌ qulqāsatun |
الْقُلْقَاسَةُ al-qulqāsatu |
قُلْقَاسَةُ qulqāsatu |
| accusative | قُلْقَاسَةً qulqāsatan |
الْقُلْقَاسَةَ al-qulqāsata |
قُلْقَاسَةَ qulqāsata |
| genitive | قُلْقَاسَةٍ qulqāsatin |
الْقُلْقَاسَةِ al-qulqāsati |
قُلْقَاسَةِ qulqāsati |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | قُلْقَاسَتَيْن qulqāsatayn |
الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْن al-qulqāsatayn |
قُلْقَاسَتَيْ qulqāsatay |
| nominative | قُلْقَاسَتَانِ qulqāsatāni |
الْقُلْقَاسَتَانِ al-qulqāsatāni |
قُلْقَاسَتَا qulqāsatā |
| accusative | قُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ qulqāsatayni |
الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ al-qulqāsatayni |
قُلْقَاسَتَيْ qulqāsatay |
| genitive | قُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ qulqāsatayni |
الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ al-qulqāsatayni |
قُلْقَاسَتَيْ qulqāsatay |
| paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | قُلْقَاسَات qulqāsāt |
الْقُلْقَاسَات al-qulqāsāt |
قُلْقَاسَات qulqāsāt |
| nominative | قُلْقَاسَاتٌ qulqāsātun |
الْقُلْقَاسَاتُ al-qulqāsātu |
قُلْقَاسَاتُ qulqāsātu |
| accusative | قُلْقَاسَاتٍ qulqāsātin |
الْقُلْقَاسَاتِ al-qulqāsāti |
قُلْقَاسَاتِ qulqāsāti |
| genitive | قُلْقَاسَاتٍ qulqāsātin |
الْقُلْقَاسَاتِ al-qulqāsāti |
قُلْقَاسَاتِ qulqāsāti |
Descendants
- Cypriot Arabic: korkás
- → French: koulkas
- → German: Kulkas f, Culcas f (rare)
- → Latin: culcas, colcas
- → Middle Armenian: ղուլղաս (ġulġas)
- → Spanish: alcolcaz
- → Ottoman Turkish: قلقاس (kulkas)
References
- “qwlqsyyh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 670b, incorrectly entered as equalling Latin calx (“chalk”)
- Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 106a
- Grimaldi, Ilaria Maria (5 June 2018) “Literary evidence for taro in the ancient Mediterranean: A chronology of names and uses in a multilingual world”, in PLoS One[2], volume 13, number 6,
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden[3] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 218
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[4] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, , page 240
- Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 304b
- Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3643
- Tezel, Aziz (2021) “On the Origin of Some Plant Names in Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo in Ṭūr ʿAbdīn”, in Geoffrey Khan, Paul M. Noorlander, editors, Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic[5], Cambridge: University of Cambridge, , →ISBN, pages 335–352
- Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[6] (in German), volume 51, page 302