قير

See also: قیر and فير

Arabic

Alternative forms

قَار (qār)

Etymology

Borrowed from Aramaic קִירָא / ܩܝܪܐ (qīrā, “bitumen; wax”) (also ܩܐܪܐ (qārā)), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇒𒉈 (/⁠qīru⁠/, “bitumen”); uncertain relation to Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós, “wax”), Latin cēra (“wax”) which stem from an unknown substrate. Likely ultimately related to Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (/⁠kīru⁠/, “kiln”) from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “kiln”), which also gave rise to Aramaic גִירָא,ܓܝܪܐ (gīrā, “lime”), and Arabic جِير (jīr, “lime”), Northern Luri (qil).

Noun

قِير • (qīr) m

tar; asphalt

Declension

Declension of noun **قِير** (qīr)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قِير qīr	الْقِير al-qīr	قِير qīr
nominative	قِيرٌ qīrun	الْقِيرُ al-qīru	قِيرُ qīru
accusative	قِيرًا qīran	الْقِيرَ al-qīra	قِيرَ qīra
genitive	قِيرٍ qīrin	الْقِيرِ al-qīri	قِيرِ qīri

Derived terms

قِيرِيّ (qīriyy, “tarry, bituminous”)
قَيَّرَ (qayyara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
قَوَّرَ (qawwara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
تَقَيَّرَ (taqayyara, “to be tarred”)
قَيَّار (qayyār, “having tar or asphalt; who works with tar”)

Verb

قَيَّرَ • (qayyara) II (non-past يُقَيِّرُ (yuqayyiru), verbal noun تَقْيِير (taqyīr))

to tar, to asphalt

Conjugation

Conjugation of **قَيَّرَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَقْيِير*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَقْيِير taqyīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُقَيِّر muqayyir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُقَيَّر muqayyar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَيَّرْتُ qayyartu	قَيَّرْتَ qayyarta	قَيَّرَ qayyara	قَيَّرْتُمَا qayyartumā	قَيَّرَا qayyarā	قَيَّرْنَا qayyarnā	قَيَّرْتُمْ qayyartum	قَيَّرُوا qayyarū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قَيَّرْتُ qayyartu	قَيَّرْتِ qayyarti	قَيَّرَتْ qayyarat	قَيَّرْتُمَا qayyartumā	قَيَّرَتَا qayyaratā	قَيَّرْنَا qayyarnā	قَيَّرْتُنَّ qayyartunna	قَيَّرْنَ qayyarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَيِّرُ ʔuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرُ tuqayyiru	يُقَيِّرُ yuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرَانِ tuqayyirāni	يُقَيِّرَانِ yuqayyirāni	نُقَيِّرُ nuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرُونَ tuqayyirūna	يُقَيِّرُونَ yuqayyirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَيِّرُ ʔuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرِينَ tuqayyirīna	تُقَيِّرُ tuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرَانِ tuqayyirāni	تُقَيِّرَانِ tuqayyirāni	نُقَيِّرُ nuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَيِّرَ ʔuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَ tuqayyira	يُقَيِّرَ yuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	يُقَيِّرَا yuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرَ nuqayyira	تُقَيِّرُوا tuqayyirū	يُقَيِّرُوا yuqayyirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَيِّرَ ʔuqayyira	تُقَيِّرِي tuqayyirī	تُقَيِّرَ tuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرَ nuqayyira	تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَيِّرْ ʔuqayyir	تُقَيِّرْ tuqayyir	يُقَيِّرْ yuqayyir	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	يُقَيِّرَا yuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرْ nuqayyir	تُقَيِّرُوا tuqayyirū	يُقَيِّرُوا yuqayyirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَيِّرْ ʔuqayyir	تُقَيِّرِي tuqayyirī	تُقَيِّرْ tuqayyir	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	تُقَيِّرَا tuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرْ nuqayyir	تُقَيِّرْنَ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ yuqayyirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قَيِّرْ qayyir		قَيِّرَا qayyirā			قَيِّرُوا qayyirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		قَيِّرِي qayyirī		قَيِّرَا qayyirā			قَيِّرْنَ qayyirna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُيِّرْتُ quyyirtu	قُيِّرْتَ quyyirta	قُيِّرَ quyyira	قُيِّرْتُمَا quyyirtumā	قُيِّرَا quyyirā	قُيِّرْنَا quyyirnā	قُيِّرْتُمْ quyyirtum	قُيِّرُوا quyyirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قُيِّرْتُ quyyirtu	قُيِّرْتِ quyyirti	قُيِّرَتْ quyyirat	قُيِّرْتُمَا quyyirtumā	قُيِّرَتَا quyyiratā	قُيِّرْنَا quyyirnā	قُيِّرْتُنَّ quyyirtunna	قُيِّرْنَ quyyirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَيَّرُ ʔuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرُ tuqayyaru	يُقَيَّرُ yuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرَانِ tuqayyarāni	يُقَيَّرَانِ yuqayyarāni	نُقَيَّرُ nuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرُونَ tuqayyarūna	يُقَيَّرُونَ yuqayyarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَيَّرُ ʔuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرِينَ tuqayyarīna	تُقَيَّرُ tuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرَانِ tuqayyarāni	تُقَيَّرَانِ tuqayyarāni	نُقَيَّرُ nuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَيَّرَ ʔuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَ tuqayyara	يُقَيَّرَ yuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	يُقَيَّرَا yuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرَ nuqayyara	تُقَيَّرُوا tuqayyarū	يُقَيَّرُوا yuqayyarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَيَّرَ ʔuqayyara	تُقَيَّرِي tuqayyarī	تُقَيَّرَ tuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرَ nuqayyara	تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَيَّرْ ʔuqayyar	تُقَيَّرْ tuqayyar	يُقَيَّرْ yuqayyar	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	يُقَيَّرَا yuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرْ nuqayyar	تُقَيَّرُوا tuqayyarū	يُقَيَّرُوا yuqayyarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَيَّرْ ʔuqayyar	تُقَيَّرِي tuqayyarī	تُقَيَّرْ tuqayyar	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	تُقَيَّرَا tuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرْ nuqayyar	تُقَيَّرْنَ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ yuqayyarna

References

“qīru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], volume 13, Q, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1982, pages 270–271
“qyr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 417
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 430–431
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
Freytag, Georg (1835) “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 513–514
Freytag, Georg (1835) “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 521
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 439
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قير”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1074
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 60

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From English gear.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡeːr/, [ɡe̞ːr]

Noun

قير • (gēr) m (plural قِيور (giyōr))

gear