پاک
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾk' /pāk/, “clean, pure, holy”), from Proto-Iranian *pawHākáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawHākás, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Cognate with Sanskrit पावक (pāvaká, “pure, clean, clear”), Latin purus.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈpaːk/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [pʰɑːk]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [pʰɒːkʲ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [pʰɔk]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | pāk |
| Dari reading? | pāk |
| Iranian reading? | pâk |
| Tajik reading? | pok |
Adjective
پاک • (pâk)
- clean, pure
- innocent, clean-handed, sinless
- holy
- (dialectal) all
- پاک مردم رفتنه.
- (dialectal) every
- (dialectal) everyone
Derived terms
- پاکستان (pâkestân, “land of the pure”)
- پاککن (pâk-kon, “eraser”)
- پاک کردن (pâk kardan, “to clean”)
- پاکیزه
Descendants
- → Assamese: পাক (pak)
- → Azerbaijani: pak
- → Bengali: পাক (pak)
- → Gujarati: પાક (pāk)
- → Old Hindi: पाक (pāka)
- → Maithili: pāk
- Devanagari script: पाक
- Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒰𑒏
- → Old Punjabi: ਪਾਕੁ (pāku)
- → Sindhi:
- Arabic script: پاڪُ
- Devanagari script: पाकु
- → Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠇ (fax)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پاك (pak)
- → Uyghur: پاك (pak)
- → Uzbek: pok
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “pāk”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 64.
Urdu
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /pɑːk/
- Rhymes: -ɑːk
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian پَاک (pāk). First attested in c. 1265 as Old Hindi پاک (pak /pāk/).[1]
Adjective
پَاک • (pāk) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling पाक)
Etymology 2
Shortening of پَاکِسْتَان (pākistān), itself from پاک (pāk) + ـِسْتَان (-istān).
Noun
پَاک • (pāk) m (Hindi spelling पाक)
- clipping of پاکستان
- پاک فَوج ― pāk fauj ― Pakistan army
References
Further reading
- “پاک”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “پاک”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]
Ushojo
Etymology
Noun
پاک (pāk)