ܥܠ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܥ ܠ ܐ (ˁ l ˀ)
7 terms

From Aramaic עַל (ʿal), from Proto-Semitic *ʕalay-. The last usage is a Calque of Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā). Compare Hebrew עַל ('al) and Akkadian 𒌋𒅗 (eli).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard) IPA(key): [ʕal.]
  • (Urmia) IPA(key): [ʔæl.]

Preposition

ܥܲܠ • (ˁal)

  1. on, upon, onto
    ܫܠܵܡܵܐ ܥܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢšlāmā ˁallāwḵōnhello (literally, “peace be upon you”)
    ܟܵܣܵܐ ܕܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܦܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܐ.
    kāsā d-ḥalḇā ìlēh ˁal pāṯōrā.
    The glass of milk is on the table.
  2. against
    ܪܸܥܝܵܢܵܐ ܥܲܠܘܼܗܝ ܘܪܸܥܝܵܢܵܐ ܐܸܠܘܼܗܝ.
    riˁyānā ˁalūh w-riˁyānā ilūh.
    Opinion against it and reasons for it.
    ܓܸܢܝܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܝܼܠܵܢܵܐ.
    ginyā ìwen wā ˁal īlānā.
    I was leaning against the tree.
  3. about, concerning
    ܡܬܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܐܸܠܝܼ ܥܲܠ ܡܵܐ ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ.
    mtūnē lāh ilī ˁal mā wē lēh.
    She told me about what happened.
    ܡܡܘܼܠܸܠ ܠܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܫܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܬ݂ܹܗ.
    mmūlil lēh ˁal šaḇrūṯēh.
    He talked about his childhood.
  4. (by extension) with a hint of
    ܓܠܝܼܕܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܓܲܘܙܹ̈ܐ
    glīdtā ˁal gawzē
    walnut-flavored ice cream
    (literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)
    ܡܲܣܬܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܬܘܼ̈ܬ݂ܹܐ
    mastā ˁal tūṯē
    strawberry-flavoured yoghurt
    (literally, “yoghurt on strawberries”)

Usage notes

  • (on): This word is used when something is directly on top of another thing. When something is in general above it, the phrase ܠܥܸܠ ܡܸܢ (lˁil min) is used.

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܲܠ
base form ܥܲܠ (ˁal)
Personal-pronoun including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person ܥܲܠܝܼ (ˁalī) ܥܲܠܲܢ (ˁallan)
2nd person ܥܲܠܘܼܟ݂ (ˁalōḵ) ܥܲܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁallāḵ) ܥܲܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁallawḵōn)
3rd person ܥܲܠܘܼܗܝ (ˁalūh) ܥܲܠܘܿܗ̇ (ˁallōh) ܥܲܠܲܝܗܘܿܢ (ˁallayhōn)

Synonyms

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of on): ܬܚܘܿܬ݂ (tḥōṯ)
  • (antonym(s) of against): ܠ- (l-), ܩܵܐ (), ܡܸܢ ܓܹܒܵܐ (min gēbā)

Derived terms

  • ܥܲܠ ܐܲܦܲܝ̈ (ˁal appay, on behalf of, for the sake of)
  • ܥܲܠ ܗܵܢܵܐ (ˁal hānā, therefore)
  • ܥܲܠ ܝܲܒ݂ܫܵܐ (ˁal yaḇšā, overland, by land)
  • ܥܲܠ ܡܵܐ (ˁal mā, on what)
  • ܥܲܠ ܢܲܘܠܵܐ (ˁal nawlā, online)
  • ܥܲܠܡܸܠܬ݂ܵܐ (ˁalmilṯā, adverb)