अक्ष
See also: अक्षि
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्ष (akṣa), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-. Compare English axis.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /əkʂ/, [ɐkʃ]
Audio: (file)
Noun
अक्ष • (akṣ) m (Urdu spelling اکش)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अक्ष akṣ |
अक्ष akṣ |
| oblique | अक्ष akṣ |
अक्षों akṣõ |
| vocative | अक्ष akṣ |
अक्षो akṣo |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- অক্ষ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
- অক্ষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- အက္ၑ (Burmese script)
- અક્ષ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
- អក្ឞ (Khmer script)
- ອກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
- അക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
- ଅକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
- අක්ෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
- அக்ஷ (Tamil script)
- అక్ష (Telugu script)
- อกฺษ (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háṭṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-. Cognate with Latin axis.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́k.ʂɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐk.ʂɐ/
Noun
अक्ष॑ • (ákṣa) stem, m [1]
- axle, axis
- wheel, car, cart
- the beam of a balance or string which holds the pivot of the beam
- snake
- terrestrial latitude
- the collar-bone
- the temporal bone
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अक्षः (ákṣaḥ) | अक्षौ (ákṣau) अक्षा¹ (ákṣā¹) |
अक्षाः (ákṣāḥ) अक्षासः¹ (ákṣāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | अक्षम् (ákṣam) | अक्षौ (ákṣau) अक्षा¹ (ákṣā¹) |
अक्षान् (ákṣān) |
| instrumental | अक्षेण (ákṣeṇa) | अक्षाभ्याम् (ákṣābhyām) | अक्षैः (ákṣaiḥ) अक्षेभिः¹ (ákṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अक्षाय (ákṣāya) | अक्षाभ्याम् (ákṣābhyām) | अक्षेभ्यः (ákṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अक्षात् (ákṣāt) | अक्षाभ्याम् (ákṣābhyām) | अक्षेभ्यः (ákṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अक्षस्य (ákṣasya) | अक्षयोः (ákṣayoḥ) | अक्षाणाम् (ákṣāṇām) |
| locative | अक्षे (ákṣe) | अक्षयोः (ákṣayoḥ) | अक्षेषु (ákṣeṣu) |
| vocative | अक्ष (ákṣa) | अक्षौ (ákṣau) अक्षा¹ (ákṣā¹) |
अक्षाः (ákṣāḥ) अक्षासः¹ (ákṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अक्षक (akṣaka)
Descendants
- Pali: akkha
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔 (akkha) (see there for further descendants)
Etymology 2
Uncertain; per Mayrhofer, probably of non-Indo-European origin.[2] The comparison with अक्ष (akṣa, “eye”) is probably not tenable since Indian dice were not dotted the same way as Western dice. Compare अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”), which may have a shared origin. Compare also Latin ālea (“die; dice-game”) which derives from axis (“axle”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐk.ʂɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐk.ʂɐ/
Noun
अ॒क्ष • (akṣá) stem, m [3]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अक्षः (akṣáḥ) | अक्षौ (akṣaú) अक्षा¹ (akṣā́¹) |
अक्षाः (akṣā́ḥ) अक्षासः¹ (akṣā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | अक्षम् (akṣám) | अक्षौ (akṣaú) अक्षा¹ (akṣā́¹) |
अक्षान् (akṣā́n) |
| instrumental | अक्षेण (akṣéṇa) | अक्षाभ्याम् (akṣā́bhyām) | अक्षैः (akṣaíḥ) अक्षेभिः¹ (akṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अक्षाय (akṣā́ya) | अक्षाभ्याम् (akṣā́bhyām) | अक्षेभ्यः (akṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अक्षात् (akṣā́t) | अक्षाभ्याम् (akṣā́bhyām) | अक्षेभ्यः (akṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अक्षस्य (akṣásya) | अक्षयोः (akṣáyoḥ) | अक्षाणाम् (akṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | अक्षे (akṣé) | अक्षयोः (akṣáyoḥ) | अक्षेषु (akṣéṣu) |
| vocative | अक्ष (ákṣa) | अक्षौ (ákṣau) अक्षा¹ (ákṣā¹) |
अक्षाः (ákṣāḥ) अक्षासः¹ (ákṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ákṣa¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 1
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “akṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 42
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “akṣá²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 2
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “अक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 3.