Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Etymology 1

      Root

      *h₂eǵ- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

      1. to drive
      Derived terms
      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (56 c, 0 e)
      • *h₂éǵ-e-ti (thematic root present)
      • *h₂i-h₂ǵ-é-ti (reduplicated thematic present)[1]
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
          • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
            • Sanskrit: ईजते (ī́jate, “to drive”)
      • *h₂eǵ-dʰlo-[4]
        • Proto-Italic: *agdlom?
          • ⇒ Latin: (co)āgulum (see there for further descendants)
      • *h₂éǵ-mn̥ ~ *h₂ǵ-mén-s[2]
        • Proto-Hellenic: *ákʰmə
          • ⇒ Aeolic Greek: ἄχματα (ákhmata)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ma
        • Proto-Italic: *agmən
          • Latin: agmen
            • ⇒ Latin: exāmen (see there for further descendants)
      • *h₂óǵ-mo-s (“drive, path”)
      • *h₂eǵ-nó-s
        • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *agnas
          • Lithuanian: agnùs (“agile, energetic”)
      • *h₂eǵ-ó-s[5]
        • Proto-Hellenic: *agós
          • Ancient Greek: ἀγός (agós, “leader”)
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haȷ́ás (“leader”)
          • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
            • Sanskrit: अज (ajá, “driver”)
      • *h₂éǵ-ro-s (“field, pasturage”)
      • *h₂eǵ-ro- (“hunt, slaughter”)
        • Proto-Celtic: *agrom (“slaughter, battle”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
          • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaiδī, “hunt”)
      • *h₂eḱs- (“axis”) (possibly)
      • *h₂ǵ-es- (post-PIE)
      • *h₂ǵ-tó-s[2]
        • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ambaxtos
        • Proto-Hellenic: *aktós
          • Ancient Greek: ἐπακτός (epaktós)
        • Proto-Italic: *aktos
          • Latin: āctus (see there for further descendants)
      • *h₂éǵ-tōr ~ *h₂ǵ-trés
        • Proto-Hellenic: *áktōr
          • Ancient Greek: ἄκτωρ (áktōr)
        • Proto-Italic: *aktōr
          • Latin: actor (see there for further descendants)
      • *h₂éǵ-tr-eh₂
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáštraH (see there for further descendants)
      Unsorted formations
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: आजि (āji, “match, competition”)
      • Iranian:
        • Classical Persian: آژیانه (āžiyāna, “the marbled field or ground”)
        • Classical Persian: آژینه (āžīna, “the iron tool which releated to axile”)
        • Zazaki: hêga (hēgā, “ground, earth”) (maybe from un-iranian roots)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *ekäñye- (possibly)[7]
      Descendants

      References

      1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂eg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 255-256
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₂eg̑-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 267-277
      3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “agō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 30-31
      4. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
      5. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ajá- [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 19
      6. ^ Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Pinault, Georges-Jean (2007) Gaulois et celtique continental‎[1], page 191
      7. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ekaññi”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 79
      8. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 38-39

      Further reading

      Etymology 2

        The alternation with *h₂eyǵ- could suggest a substratum loan.[1]

        Root

        *h₂eǵ-

        1. goat
        Derived terms
        Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (goat) (1 c, 0 e)
        • *h₂eǵ-ó-s[1]
          • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haȷ́ás (“goat”) (see there for further descendants)
        • *h₂eǵ-i-no- (“of a goat; goat-skin”)[2]
          • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *āˀźina
            • Lithuanian: oženà f (“goat-skin”), oži̇̀nis (“goat”, adj.)
            • Proto-Slavic: *azьno n (“goat-skin”) (see there for further descendants)
          • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
            • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
              • Sanskrit: अजिन n (ajína, “skin (of an animal, esp. goat), hide; pelt, fur; leather bag”)
            • Proto-Iranian:
              • ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (azinauuaṇt, “wearing a skin”)
        Unsorted formations
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *āˀźis
          • Latvian: āzis
          • Lithuanian: ožỹs m, ožkà f
          • Old Prussian: wosux (vōzuks)
          • Proto-Slavic: *azь (see there for further descendants)
          • → Proto-Finnic: *voohi (see there for further descendants)

        References

        1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ajá- [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 19-20
        2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*azьno”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 31–32

        Further reading

        This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.