अहम्

See also: अहम

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

অহম্ (Assamese script)
ᬅᬳᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
অহম্ (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰮𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀳𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
အဟမ် (Burmese script)
અહમ્ (Gujarati script)
ਅਹਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌅𑌹𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦲꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂃𑂯𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಅಹಮ್ (Kannada script)
អហម៑ (Khmer script)
ອຫມ຺ (Lao script)
അഹമ് (Malayalam script)
ᠠᡥᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
𑘀𑘮𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠠᠾᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
𑦠𑧎𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐴𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
ଅହମ୍ (Odia script)
ꢂꢲꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆲𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖮𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
අහම් (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑪂𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚀𑚩𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
அஹம் (Tamil script)
అహమ్ (Telugu script)
อหมฺ (Thai script)
ཨ་ཧ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒯𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨱𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬇𐬨 (azə̄m), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Old English ic (whence English I).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ɦɐ́m/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ɦɐm/

Pronoun

अहम् • (ahám)

I

Declension

Declension of अहम्
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अ॒हम् (ahám)	आ॒वाम् (āvā́m)	व॒यम् (vayám)
Accusative	माम्॒ (mā́m)	आ॒वाम् (āvā́m)	अ॒स्मान् (asmā́n)
Instrumental	मया॑ (máyā)	आ॒वाभ्या॑म् (āvā́bhyām)	अ॒स्माभिः॑ (asmā́bhiḥ)
Dative	मह्य॑म् (máhyam)	आ॒वाभ्या॑म् (āvā́bhyām)	अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् (asmábhyam)
Ablative	मत्॒ (mát)	आ॒वाभ्या॑म् (āvā́bhyām)	अ॒स्मत् (asmát)
Genitive	मम॑ (máma)	आ॒वयोः॑ (āváyoḥ)	अ॒स्माक॑म् (asmā́kam)
Locative	मयि॑ (máyi)	आ॒वयोः॑ (āváyoḥ)	अ॒स्मासु॑ (asmā́su)

Enclitic Variants

Declension of अहम्
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	—	—	—
Accusative	मा (mā)	नौ (nau)	नः (naḥ)
Instrumental	—	—	—
Dative	मे (me)	नौ (nau)	नः (naḥ)
Ablative	—	—	—
Genitive	मे (me)	नौ (nau)	नः (naḥ)
Locative	—	—	—

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: a
- Khowar: aowa
Middle Indo-Aryan: *𑀅𑀳𑀁 (*ahaṃ)^[1]
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀕𑁂 (hage), 𑀳𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂 (hagge), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (Ashokan Edicts)
  - Old Bengali: হাঁউ (hā̃u)
  - Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖮𑖯𑖼𑖄 (hām̐u)
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨱 (aha), 𐨀𐨱𐨆 (aho), 𐨀𐨱𐨂 (ahu)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahaaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)
  - Jain Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahai̯aṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)
  - Konkani: हांव (hā̃v, “I”)
- Pali: ahaṃ
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa: हउं (haüṃ)
    - Braj: हौं (ha͠u), हों (hõ)
  - Gurjara Apabhramsa: हउं (haüṃ)
    - Old Gujarati: हउं (haüṃ)
      - Gujarati: હું (hũ)
      - Marwari: हौं (ha͠u)
→ Tamil: அஹம் (aham)
→ Telugu: అహము (ahamu), అహం (ahaṁ)

References

^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages‎^[1], Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass

Monier Williams (1899) “अहम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 124/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 155