ऋत
See also: ऋतु
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ঋত (Assamese script)
- ᬋᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঋত (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ၒတ (Burmese script)
- ઋત (Gujarati script)
- ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦉꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಋತ (Kannada script)
- ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഋത (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଋତ (Odia script)
- ꢈꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඍත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙 (Takri script)
- ரித (Tamil script)
- ఋత (Telugu script)
- ฤต (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /r̩.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /r̩.t̪ɐ/
Adjective
ऋत • (ṛtá) stem
- met with, afflicted by (+instrumental)
- proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest
- true
- worshipped, respected
- enlightened, luminous
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋतः (ṛtáḥ) | ऋतौ (ṛtaú) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋताः (ṛtā́ḥ) ऋतासः¹ (ṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ऋतम् (ṛtám) | ऋतौ (ṛtaú) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋतान् (ṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | ऋतेन (ṛténa) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतैः (ṛtaíḥ) ऋतेभिः¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋताय (ṛtā́ya) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋतात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋतस्य (ṛtásya) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतानाम् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतेषु (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत (ṛ́ta) | ऋतौ (ṛ́tau) ऋता¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
ऋताः (ṛ́tāḥ) ऋतासः¹ (ṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋता (ṛtā́) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋताः (ṛtā́ḥ) |
| accusative | ऋताम् (ṛtā́m) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋताः (ṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | ऋतया (ṛtáyā) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋताभिः (ṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | ऋतायै (ṛtā́yai) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋताभ्यः (ṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋतायाः (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋतायै² (ṛtā́yai²) |
ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋताभ्यः (ṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋतायाः (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋतायै² (ṛtā́yai²) |
ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतानाम् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋतायाम् (ṛtā́yām) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतासु (ṛtā́su) |
| vocative | ऋते (ṛ́te) | ऋते (ṛ́te) | ऋताः (ṛ́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋतम् (ṛtám) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतानि (ṛtā́ni) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | ऋतम् (ṛtám) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतानि (ṛtā́ni) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | ऋतेन (ṛténa) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतैः (ṛtaíḥ) ऋतेभिः¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋताय (ṛtā́ya) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋतात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋतस्य (ṛtásya) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतानाम् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतेषु (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत (ṛ́ta) | ऋते (ṛ́te) | ऋतानि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
ऋत • (ṛtá) m
Noun
ऋत • (ṛtá) stem, n
- fixed or settled order, law, rule (especially in religion)
- sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.11:
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हाः॒ सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्राः॑॥- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhāḥ sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprāḥ. - Hence, far away, ye Panis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,
Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, Ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.
- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
- truth in general, righteousness, right
- figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brahman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is अनृत (anṛta))
- promise, oath, vow
- truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)
- water
- sacrifice
- a particular sacrifice
- sun
- wealth
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋतम् (ṛtám) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतानि (ṛtā́ni) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | ऋतम् (ṛtám) | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतानि (ṛtā́ni) ऋता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | ऋतेन (ṛténa) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतैः (ṛtaíḥ) ऋतेभिः¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋताय (ṛtā́ya) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋतात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋताभ्याम् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋतेभ्यः (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋतस्य (ṛtásya) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतानाम् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋते (ṛté) | ऋतयोः (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋतेषु (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत (ṛ́ta) | ऋते (ṛ́te) | ऋतानि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adverb
ऋत • (ṛtá)
- right, duly, properly, expressly, very
- right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right
- truly, sincerely, indeed
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: رُت (rut)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “Ṛitá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.