जात
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জাত (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬵᬢ (Balinese script)
- জাত (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰯𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဇာတ (Burmese script)
- જાત (Gujarati script)
- ਜਾਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌾𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦴꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂰𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಾತ (Kannada script)
- ជាត (Khmer script)
- ຊາຕ (Lao script)
- ജാത (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘰𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧑𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐵𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଜାତ (Odia script)
- ꢙꢵꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆳𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖯𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ජාත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
- ஜாத (Tamil script)
- జాత (Telugu script)
- ชาต (Thai script)
- ཛཱ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒰𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás (“born, begotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“begotten, produced”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬙𐬀 (zāta), Latin gnātus, nātus, Old English -cund.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.t̪ɐ/
Adjective
जात • (jātá) stem
- born, produced, begotten, birthed, engendered
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.12.1:
- यो जात एव प्रथमो मनस्वान्देवो देवान्क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् ।
यस्य शुष्माद्रोदसी अभ्यसेतां नृम्णस्य मह्ना स जनास इन्द्रः ॥- yo jāta eva prathamo manasvāndevo devānkratunā paryabhūṣat.
yasya śuṣmādrodasī abhyasetāṃ nṛmṇasya mahnā sa janāsa indraḥ. - He, the chief God of lofty spirit, who by power and might became the gods’ protector just as he was born,
Before whose hiss the earth and heavens trembled due to the greatness of his valour, He, O folks, is Indra.
- yo jāta eva prathamo manasvāndevo devānkratunā paryabhūṣat.
- यो जात एव प्रथमो मनस्वान्देवो देवान्क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् ।
- (with dative) destined for
- happened, manifest, become
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जातः (jātáḥ) | जातौ (jātaú) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जाताः (jātā́ḥ) जातासः¹ (jātā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | जातम् (jātám) | जातौ (jātaú) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जातान् (jātā́n) |
| instrumental | जातेन (jāténa) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातैः (jātaíḥ) जातेभिः¹ (jātébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जाताय (jātā́ya) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातात् (jātā́t) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातस्य (jātásya) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातानाम् (jātā́nām) |
| locative | जाते (jāté) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातेषु (jātéṣu) |
| vocative | जात (jā́ta) | जातौ (jā́tau) जाता¹ (jā́tā¹) |
जाताः (jā́tāḥ) जातासः¹ (jā́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जाता (jātā́) | जाते (jāté) | जाताः (jātā́ḥ) |
| accusative | जाताम् (jātā́m) | जाते (jāté) | जाताः (jātā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | जातया (jātáyā) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जाताभिः (jātā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | जातायै (jātā́yai) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जाताभ्यः (jātā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातायाः (jātā́yāḥ) जातायै² (jātā́yai²) |
जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जाताभ्यः (jātā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातायाः (jātā́yāḥ) जातायै² (jātā́yai²) |
जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातानाम् (jātā́nām) |
| locative | जातायाम् (jātā́yām) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातासु (jātā́su) |
| vocative | जाते (jā́te) | जाते (jā́te) | जाताः (jā́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जातम् (jātám) | जाते (jāté) | जातानि (jātā́ni) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
| accusative | जातम् (jātám) | जाते (jāté) | जातानि (jātā́ni) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
| instrumental | जातेन (jāténa) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातैः (jātaíḥ) जातेभिः¹ (jātébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जाताय (jātā́ya) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातात् (jātā́t) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातस्य (jātásya) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातानाम् (jātā́nām) |
| locative | जाते (jāté) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातेषु (jātéṣu) |
| vocative | जात (jā́ta) | जाते (jā́te) | जातानि (jā́tāni) जाता¹ (jā́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
जात • (jātá) stem, m or n
- child, offspring, son
- a living being; a man, a creature
- birth, origin
- race, kind, sort, class, species
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जातः (jātáḥ) | जातौ (jātaú) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जाताः (jātā́ḥ) जातासः¹ (jātā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | जातम् (jātám) | जातौ (jātaú) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जातान् (jātā́n) |
| instrumental | जातेन (jāténa) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातैः (jātaíḥ) जातेभिः¹ (jātébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जाताय (jātā́ya) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातात् (jātā́t) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातस्य (jātásya) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातानाम् (jātā́nām) |
| locative | जाते (jāté) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातेषु (jātéṣu) |
| vocative | जात (jā́ta) | जातौ (jā́tau) जाता¹ (jā́tā¹) |
जाताः (jā́tāḥ) जातासः¹ (jā́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जातम् (jātám) | जाते (jāté) | जातानि (jātā́ni) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
| accusative | जातम् (jātám) | जाते (jāté) | जातानि (jātā́ni) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
| instrumental | जातेन (jāténa) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातैः (jātaíḥ) जातेभिः¹ (jātébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | जाताय (jātā́ya) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातात् (jātā́t) | जाताभ्याम् (jātā́bhyām) | जातेभ्यः (jātébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातस्य (jātásya) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातानाम् (jātā́nām) |
| locative | जाते (jāté) | जातयोः (jātáyoḥ) | जातेषु (jātéṣu) |
| vocative | जात (jā́ta) | जाते (jā́te) | जातानि (jā́tāni) जाता¹ (jā́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “जात”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 417, columns 2-3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jātá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285