तथागत
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /t̪ə.t̪ʰɑː.ɡət̪/, [t̪ɐ.t̪ʰäː.ɡɐt̪]
Noun
तथागत • (tathāgat) m (Urdu spelling تتھاگتا)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | तथागत tathāgat |
तथागत tathāgat |
| oblique | तथागत tathāgat |
तथागतों tathāgatõ |
| vocative | तथागत tathāgat |
तथागतो tathāgato |
References
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “तथागत”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तथागत”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ə.t̪ʰa.ɡət̪/
Noun
तथागत • (tathāgat) m
Declension
| Declension of तथागत (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
तथागत tathāgat | ||
| direct plural |
तथागत tathāgat | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
तथागत tathāgat |
तथागत tathāgat | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
तथागता tathāgatā |
तथागतां- tathāgatān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
तथागताला tathāgatālā |
तथागतांना tathāgatānnā | |
| ergative | तथागताने, तथागतानं tathāgatāne, tathāgatāna |
तथागतांनी tathāgatānnī | |
| instrumental | तथागताशी tathāgatāśī |
तथागतांशी tathāgatānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
तथागतात tathāgatāt |
तथागतांत tathāgatāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
तथागता tathāgatā |
तथागतांनो tathāgatānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of तथागत (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
तथागताचा tathāgatāċā |
तथागताचे tathāgatāċe |
तथागताची tathāgatācī |
तथागताच्या tathāgatācā |
तथागताचे, तथागताचं tathāgatāċe, tathāgatāċa |
तथागताची tathāgatācī |
तथागताच्या tathāgatācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
तथागतांचा tathāgatānċā |
तथागतांचे tathāgatānċe |
तथागतांची tathāgatāñcī |
तथागतांच्या tathāgatāncā |
तथागतांचे, तथागतांचं tathāgatānċe, tathāgatānċa |
तथागतांची tathāgatāñcī |
तथागतांच्या tathāgatāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “तथागत”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
तथागत m
- Devanagari script form of tathāgata
Declension
Declension table of "तथागत" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | तथागतो (tathāgato) | तथागता (tathāgatā) |
| Accusative (second) | तथागतं (tathāgataṃ) | तथागते (tathāgate) |
| Instrumental (third) | तथागतेन (tathāgatena) | तथागतेहि (tathāgatehi) or तथागतेभि (tathāgatebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | तथागतस्स (tathāgatassa) or तथागताय (tathāgatāya) or तथागतत्थं (tathāgatatthaṃ) | तथागतानं (tathāgatānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | तथागतस्मा (tathāgatasmā) or तथागतम्हा (tathāgatamhā) or तथागता (tathāgatā) | तथागतेहि (tathāgatehi) or तथागतेभि (tathāgatebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | तथागतस्स (tathāgatassa) | तथागतानं (tathāgatānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | तथागतस्मिं (tathāgatasmiṃ) or तथागतम्हि (tathāgatamhi) or तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतेसु (tathāgatesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | तथागत (tathāgata) | तथागता (tathāgatā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- তথাগত (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬣᬵᬕᬢ (Balinese script)
- তথাগত (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰞𑰯𑰐𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀣𑀸𑀕𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- တထာဂတ (Burmese script)
- તથાગત (Gujarati script)
- ਤਥਾਗਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑌥𑌾𑌗𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦡꦴꦒꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂟𑂰𑂏𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ತಥಾಗತ (Kannada script)
- តថាគត (Khmer script)
- ຕຖາຄຕ (Lao script)
- തഥാഗത (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠠᡨᠠ᠊ᠠᡤᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘞𑘰𑘐𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠠᠲᠠᢗᠺᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑦾𑧑𑦰𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐠𑐵𑐐𑐟 (Newa script)
- ତଥାଗତ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢢꢵꢔꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆡𑆳𑆓𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖞𑖯𑖐𑖝 (Siddham script)
- තථාගත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩬𑩛𑩞𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚚𑚭𑚌𑚙 (Takri script)
- தத²ாக³த (Tamil script)
- తథాగత (Telugu script)
- ตถาคต (Thai script)
- ཏ་ཐཱ་ག་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒟𑒰𑒑𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨚𑨊𑨍𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
The Buddhist term was possibly borrowed from the Prakrit language of the early Buddhist community, but this is uncertain. The term (in any language) might have been "pre-Buddhistic",[1] and there have been various surface analyses, often entwined with philosophical intricacies. In borrowing languages such as Chinese, it is analysed as तथा (tathā, “thus, in that manner”) + आगत (āgata, “come”, past passive participle). It may also be analysed as तथा (tathā) + गत (gata, “gone; gone to a certain state or condition”) according to Monier Williams.[2] Cognate with Pali tathāgata.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɐ.tʰɑː.ɡɐ.tɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɐ.t̪ʰɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/
Adjective
तथागत • (tathāgata) stem
- being in such a state or condition; of such a quality or nature
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 5.27.1:
- तथागतां तां व्यथिताम् अनिन्दितां व्यपेतहर्षां परिदीनमानसाम् ।
शुभां निमित्तानि शुभानि भेजिरे नरं श्रिया जुष्टम् इवोपजीविनः ॥- tathāgatāṃ tāṃ vyathitām aninditāṃ vyapetaharṣāṃ paridīnamānasām.
śubhāṃ nimittāni śubhāni bhejire naraṃ śriyā juṣṭam ivopajīvinaḥ. - Like subjects (flocking to) a man visited upon by Fortune, auspicious signs fell to the lot of the one who was in such (affliction), shaken, yet faultless, (who was) bereft of joy, assaulted by sorrow in the heart, yet righteous.
- tathāgatāṃ tāṃ vyathitām aninditāṃ vyapetaharṣāṃ paridīnamānasām.
- तथागतां तां व्यथिताम् अनिन्दितां व्यपेतहर्षां परिदीनमानसाम् ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 2.43.7:
- तथागतं तु तं दृष्ट्वा भीमसेनो महाबलः ।
अर्जुनश्च यमौ चोभौ सर्वे ते प्राहसंस्तदा ॥- tathāgataṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā bhīmaseno mahābalaḥ.
arjunaśca yamau cobhau sarve te prāhasaṃstadā. - Upon seeing him fall into such (pathetic) state, Bhīmasena the Mighty,
Arjuna, and both the twins all burst out in laughter simultaneously.
- tathāgataṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā bhīmaseno mahābalaḥ.
- तथागतं तु तं दृष्ट्वा भीमसेनो महाबलः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तथागतः (tathāgataḥ) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | तथागतम् (tathāgatam) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागतान् (tathāgatān) |
| instrumental | तथागतेन (tathāgatena) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तथागताय (tathāgatāya) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तथागतात् (tathāgatāt) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām) |
| locative | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu) |
| vocative | तथागत (tathāgata) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तथागता (tathāgatā) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) |
| accusative | तथागताम् (tathāgatām) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) |
| instrumental | तथागतया (tathāgatayā) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागताभिः (tathāgatābhiḥ) |
| dative | तथागतायै (tathāgatāyai) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागताभ्यः (tathāgatābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तथागतायाः (tathāgatāyāḥ) तथागतायै² (tathāgatāyai²) |
तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागताभ्यः (tathāgatābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तथागतायाः (tathāgatāyāḥ) तथागतायै² (tathāgatāyai²) |
तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām) |
| locative | तथागतायाम् (tathāgatāyām) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतासु (tathāgatāsu) |
| vocative | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तथागतम् (tathāgatam) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
| accusative | तथागतम् (tathāgatam) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
| instrumental | तथागतेन (tathāgatena) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तथागताय (tathāgatāya) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तथागतात् (tathāgatāt) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām) |
| locative | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu) |
| vocative | तथागत (tathāgata) | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतानि (tathāgatāni) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
तथागत • (tathāgata) stem, m
- (Buddhism) tathagata (an appellation for Buddhas, especially the Gautama Buddha)
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 9.3:
- ननूक्तं कुलपुत्र तथागतेनाशिक्षितो न परिभवितव्य इति ।
- nanūktaṃ kulaputra tathāgatenāśikṣito na paribhavitavya iti.
- Hasn't it been said after the Tathāgata, O noble prince, that the unlearned is not to be slighted?
- ननूक्तं कुलपुत्र तथागतेनाशिक्षितो न परिभवितव्य इति ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तथागतः (tathāgataḥ) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | तथागतम् (tathāgatam) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागतान् (tathāgatān) |
| instrumental | तथागतेन (tathāgatena) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतैः (tathāgataiḥ) तथागतेभिः¹ (tathāgatebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तथागताय (tathāgatāya) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तथागतात् (tathāgatāt) | तथागताभ्याम् (tathāgatābhyām) | तथागतेभ्यः (tathāgatebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तथागतस्य (tathāgatasya) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतानाम् (tathāgatānām) |
| locative | तथागते (tathāgate) | तथागतयोः (tathāgatayoḥ) | तथागतेषु (tathāgateṣu) |
| vocative | तथागत (tathāgata) | तथागतौ (tathāgatau) तथागता¹ (tathāgatā¹) |
तथागताः (tathāgatāḥ) तथागतासः¹ (tathāgatāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “tathāgata”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead, page 296
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “तथागत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 433, column 3.