ताल
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /t̪ɑːl/, [t̪äːl]
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Sanskrit ताल (tāla).
Noun
ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال)
- (music) rhythm, beat, tune
- palm tree
- Synonym: ताड़ (tāṛ)
- the palm of the hand
- Synonym: हथेली (hathelī)
- the clapping of palms
- Synonym: ताली (tālī)
- (wrestling) slapping the hands on the arms in defiance
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | ताल tāl |
ताल tāl |
oblique | ताल tāl |
तालों tālõ |
vocative | ताल tāl |
तालो tālo |
Descendants
- → Pashto: تال (“beating time in music by striking or slapping the fingers or hands together”)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Sanskrit तलक (talaka).
Noun
ताल • (tāl) m (Urdu spelling تال)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | ताल tāl |
ताल tāl |
oblique | ताल tāl |
तालों tālõ |
vocative | ताल tāl |
तालो tālo |
References
- Platts, John T. (1884) “ताल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t̪äl]
- Phonetic Devanagari: ताल्
Noun
ताल • (tāl)
Pali
Alternative forms
Noun
ताल m
- Devanagari script form of tāla (“palmyra palm”)
Declension
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | तालो (tālo) | ताला (tālā) |
Accusative (second) | तालं (tālaṃ) | ताले (tāle) |
Instrumental (third) | तालेन (tālena) | तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | तालस्स (tālassa) or तालाय (tālāya) or तालत्थं (tālatthaṃ) | तालानं (tālānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | तालस्मा (tālasmā) or तालम्हा (tālamhā) or ताला (tālā) | तालेहि (tālehi) or तालेभि (tālebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | तालस्स (tālassa) | तालानं (tālānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | तालस्मिं (tālasmiṃ) or तालम्हि (tālamhi) or ताले (tāle) | तालेसु (tālesu) |
Vocative (calling) | ताल (tāla) | ताला (tālā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- তাল (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
- তাল (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- တာလ (Burmese script)
- તાલ (Gujarati script)
- ਤਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ತಾಲ (Kannada script)
- តាល (Khmer script)
- ຕາລ (Lao script)
- താല (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠠ᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
- ତାଲ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
- තාල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
- தால (Tamil script)
- తాల (Telugu script)
- ตาล (Thai script)
- ཏཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɑː.lɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɑː.l̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Dravidian; ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tāẓ. Compare Kannada ತಾಳೆ (tāḷe, “palmyra or toddy palm”), Telugu తాటి (tāṭi, “of or pertaining to the palmyra tree”).
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, m
- the palm tree, palmyra tree, or fan palm (Borassus flabelliformis, producing a sort of spirituous liquor)
- the nut of fan palm
- toddy
- a fragrant earth
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालः (tālaḥ) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालान् (tālān) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adjective
ताल • (tāla) stem
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालः (tālaḥ) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालान् (tālān) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ताली (tālī) | ताल्यौ (tālyau) ताली¹ (tālī¹) |
ताल्यः (tālyaḥ) तालीः¹ (tālīḥ¹) |
accusative | तालीम् (tālīm) | ताल्यौ (tālyau) ताली¹ (tālī¹) |
तालीः (tālīḥ) |
instrumental | ताल्या (tālyā) | तालीभ्याम् (tālībhyām) | तालीभिः (tālībhiḥ) |
dative | ताल्यै (tālyai) | तालीभ्याम् (tālībhyām) | तालीभ्यः (tālībhyaḥ) |
ablative | ताल्याः (tālyāḥ) ताल्यै² (tālyai²) |
तालीभ्याम् (tālībhyām) | तालीभ्यः (tālībhyaḥ) |
genitive | ताल्याः (tālyāḥ) ताल्यै² (tālyai²) |
ताल्योः (tālyoḥ) | तालीनाम् (tālīnām) |
locative | ताल्याम् (tālyām) | ताल्योः (tālyoḥ) | तालीषु (tālīṣu) |
vocative | तालि (tāli) | ताल्यौ (tālyau) ताली¹ (tālī¹) |
ताल्यः (tālyaḥ) तालीः¹ (tālīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Assamese: তাল (tal)
- Hindi: ताल (tāl)
- → Khmer: តាល (taalaʼ)
- → Lü: ᦎᦱᧃ (ṫaan)
- → Northern Thai: ᨲᩣ᩠ᩃ
- Odia: ତାଳ (tāḷa)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਤਾਲ਼ (tāḷ, “meter, beat, rhythm”), ਤਾੜੀ (tāṛī, “clap”)
- Pali: tāḷa
- → Tamil: தாளம் (tāḷam)
- → Thai: ตาล (dtaan)
Etymology 2
Probably from Dravidian; compare Tamil தார் (tār, “garland, chain”). Alternatively, related to ताड (tāḍa) (like Etymology 3).
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, n
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
Related to ताड (tāḍa, “a blow; noise”).
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, m
- slapping the hands together or against one's arm; clapping
- the flapping of elephant’s ears
- a type of dance
- a cymbal
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Malayalam: താളം (tāḷaṁ)
Etymology 4
Probably related to Etymology 3.
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, m
- musical time or measure
- (prosody) a trochee
- a span measured by the thumb and the middle finger
- a metre of 4 x 4 long syllables
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालः (tālaḥ) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालान् (tālān) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 5
Vṛddhi derivative of तल (tala, “bottom”).
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, m
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालः (tālaḥ) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालान् (tālān) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 6
From ताली (tālī, “a type of ornament”), of Dravidian origin; compare Tamil தாலி (tāli, “neck ornament”), Telugu తాళి (tāḷi, “neck gold”).
Noun
ताल • (tāla) stem, m or n
- an orpiment
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालः (tālaḥ) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालान् (tālān) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | तालौ (tālau) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
तालाः (tālāḥ) तालासः¹ (tālāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
accusative | तालम् (tālam) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
instrumental | तालेन (tālena) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालैः (tālaiḥ) तालेभिः¹ (tālebhiḥ¹) |
dative | तालाय (tālāya) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
ablative | तालात् (tālāt) | तालाभ्याम् (tālābhyām) | तालेभ्यः (tālebhyaḥ) |
genitive | तालस्य (tālasya) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालानाम् (tālānām) |
locative | ताले (tāle) | तालयोः (tālayoḥ) | तालेषु (tāleṣu) |
vocative | ताल (tāla) | ताले (tāle) | तालानि (tālāni) ताला¹ (tālā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “ताल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 444-445.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 242-243
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 498