दुर्भिक्ष
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দুৰ্ভিক্ষ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬸᬃᬪᬶᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
- দুর্ভিক্ষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰲𑰨𑰿𑰥𑰰𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- ဒုရ်္ဘိက္ၑ (Burmese script)
- દુર્ભિક્ષ (Gujarati script)
- ਦੁਰ੍ਭਿਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌿𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦸꦂꦨꦶꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂳𑂩𑂹𑂦𑂱𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ದುರ್ಭಿಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
- ទុភ៌ិក្ឞ (Khmer script)
- ທຸຣ຺ຠິກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
- ദുര്ഭിക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡠᡵᢨᡳᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘥𑘱𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠤᠷᠪᠾᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧔𑧈𑧠𑧅𑧒𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
- ଦୁର୍ଭିକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢸꢬ꣄ꢩꢶꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆶𑆫𑇀𑆨𑆴𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖲𑖨𑖿𑖥𑖰𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
- දුර්භික්ෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩒𑩼 𑪙𑩳𑩑𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚰𑚤𑚶𑚡𑚮𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
- து³ர்பி⁴க்ஷ (Tamil script)
- దుర్భిక్ష (Telugu script)
- ทุรฺภิกฺษ (Thai script)
- དུ་རྦྷི་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒳𑒩𑓂𑒦𑒱𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨃𑨫𑩇𑨡𑨁𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From दुस्- (dus-, “bad, difficult”) + भिक्षा (bhikṣā, “alms; means of subsistence”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /duɾ.bʱik.ʂɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪uɾ.bʱik.ʂɐ/
Noun
दुर्भिक्ष • (durbhikṣa) stem, n
- famine
- Synonym: अकाल (akāla)
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.1.90:
- प्रहृष्टमुदितो लोकस् तुष्टः पुष्टस् सुधार्मिकः ।
निरामयो ह्य् अरोगश् च दुर्भिक्षभयवर्जितः ॥- prahṛṣṭamudito lokas tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭas sudhārmikaḥ.
nirāmayo hy arogaś ca durbhikṣabhayavarjitaḥ. - The world was happy and rejoicing, contended and nourished, righteous, healthy and devoid of disease, and free from fear of famine.
- prahṛṣṭamudito lokas tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭas sudhārmikaḥ.
- प्रहृष्टमुदितो लोकस् तुष्टः पुष्टस् सुधार्मिकः ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दुर्भिक्षम् (durbhikṣam) | दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) | दुर्भिक्षाणि (durbhikṣāṇi) दुर्भिक्षा¹ (durbhikṣā¹) |
| accusative | दुर्भिक्षम् (durbhikṣam) | दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) | दुर्भिक्षाणि (durbhikṣāṇi) दुर्भिक्षा¹ (durbhikṣā¹) |
| instrumental | दुर्भिक्षेण (durbhikṣeṇa) | दुर्भिक्षाभ्याम् (durbhikṣābhyām) | दुर्भिक्षैः (durbhikṣaiḥ) दुर्भिक्षेभिः¹ (durbhikṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दुर्भिक्षाय (durbhikṣāya) | दुर्भिक्षाभ्याम् (durbhikṣābhyām) | दुर्भिक्षेभ्यः (durbhikṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दुर्भिक्षात् (durbhikṣāt) | दुर्भिक्षाभ्याम् (durbhikṣābhyām) | दुर्भिक्षेभ्यः (durbhikṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दुर्भिक्षस्य (durbhikṣasya) | दुर्भिक्षयोः (durbhikṣayoḥ) | दुर्भिक्षाणाम् (durbhikṣāṇām) |
| locative | दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) | दुर्भिक्षयोः (durbhikṣayoḥ) | दुर्भिक्षेषु (durbhikṣeṣu) |
| vocative | दुर्भिक्ष (durbhikṣa) | दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) | दुर्भिक्षाणि (durbhikṣāṇi) दुर्भिक्षा¹ (durbhikṣā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: dubbhikkha
- Prakrit: 𑀤𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (dubbhikkha)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “दुर्भिक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 486, column 2.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “durbhikṣa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “durbhikṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 368