Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dus-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly related to *dews- (“to lack”).^[1] De Vaan instead suggests a derivation from the root of *dwóh₁ (“two”) with sense development from "into two" > "apart" > "bad".^[2]

Dunkel reconstructs an original form *du-.^[3]

Prefix

*dus-^[4]

bad
Antonym: *h₁su-

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms prefixed with *dus-

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dusmenēs

Descendants

(perhaps) Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: տ- (t-)
⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dúsdjus (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *tuz- (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)
(perhaps) Proto-Italic:^[2]
- Latin: dis-

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dus-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dis-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 171-172
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du-, *dus- 'mangelhaft, schlecht'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 161-4
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “Bad”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 43
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “Hostile”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 281
Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “Lack”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 343

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dus-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227

[De_Vaan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dis-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 171-172

[3] Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du-, *dus- 'mangelhaft, schlecht'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 161-4

[4] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

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