Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dusmenēs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *dus- (“bad”) +‎ *ménes- (“mind, thought”) +‎ *-s.

Adjective

*dusmenēs^[1]^[2]^[3]

ill-disposed
Antonym: *h₁sumenēs

Inflection

Masculine/feminine Inflection:

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*dusmenēs
genitive	*dusmenesés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dusmenēs	*dusmenesh₁(e)	*dusmeneses
vocative	*dusmenes	*dusmenesh₁(e)	*dusmeneses
accusative	*dusmenesm̥	*dusmenesh₁(e)	*dusmenesm̥s
genitive	*dusmenesés	*?	*dusmenesóHom
ablative	*dusmenesés	*?	dusmenesmós, dusmenesbʰós
dative	*dusmeneséy	*?	dusmenesmós, dusmenesbʰós
locative	dusmenes, dusmenesi	*?	*dusmenesú
instrumental	*dusmeneséh₁	*?	dusmenesmís, dusmenesbʰís

Neuter inflection:

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*dusmenes
genitive	*dusmenesés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dusmenes	*dusmenesih₁	*dusmenēs
vocative	*dusmenes	*dusmenesih₁	*dusmenēs
accusative	*dusmenes	*dusmenesih₁	*dusmenēs
genitive	*dusmenesés	*?	*dusmenesóHom
ablative	*dusmenesés	*?	dusmenesmós, dusmenesbʰós
dative	*dusmeneséy	*?	dusmenesmós, dusmenesbʰós
locative	dusmenes, dusmenesi	*?	*dusmenesú
instrumental	*dusmeneséh₁	*?	dusmenesmís, dusmenesbʰís

Descendants

Proto-Hellenic: *dusmenḗs
- Ancient Greek: δυσμενής (dusmenḗs)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dušmánās
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duẓmánās^[4]
  - Sanskrit: दुर्मनस् (durmanas, “sad, melancholy”) दुर्मनास् (durmanās, m.nom.sg.)
- Proto-Iranian: *dušmánāh (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 310
^ Meissner, Torsten (2005) S-stem Nouns and Adjectives in Greek and Proto-Indo-European: A Diachronic Study in Word Formation (Oxford Classical Monographs)‎^[1], New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 283
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 163

[1] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 310

[2] Meissner, Torsten (2005) S-stem Nouns and Adjectives in Greek and Proto-Indo-European: A Diachronic Study in Word Formation (Oxford Classical Monographs)‎^[1], New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 283

[LIPP-4] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 163

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