निर्वाण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).

Adjective

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) (indeclinable)

extinguished, blown out

Noun

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) m

(Buddhism) nirvana

Declension

Declension of *निर्वाण* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाण nirvāṇ
oblique	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाणों nirvāṇõ
vocative	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाणो nirvāṇo

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

নিৰ্বাণ (Assamese script)
ᬦᬶᬃᬯᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
নির্বাণ (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
နိရွာဏ (Burmese script)
નિર્વાણ (Gujarati script)
ਨਿਰ੍ਵਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (Kannada script)
និវ៌ាណ (Khmer script)
ນິຣ຺ວາຓ (Lao script)
നിര്വാണ (Malayalam script)
ᠨᡳᡵᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
ᠨᠢᠷᢦ᠎ᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
ନିର୍ଵାଣ (Odia script)
ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢮꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
නිර්‍වාණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
நிர்வாண (Tamil script)
నిర్వాణ (Telugu script)
นิรฺวาณ (Thai script)
ནི་རྭཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From निर्- (nir-, “out”) +‎ वान (vāna, “blown”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪iɾ.ʋɑː.ɳɐ/

Noun

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem, n (Classical Sanskrit)

blowing out, extinction, cessation, setting, vanishing, disappearance
निर्वाणं कृ ― nirvāṇaṃ kṛ ― to blow out, extinguish
(Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit
(Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions
(figuratively) perfect calm or repose or happiness, highest bliss or beatitude

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni)
accusative	निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni)
instrumental	निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ)
dative	निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām)
locative	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu)
vocative	निर्वाण (nirvāṇa)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni)

Descendants

Central:
- Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)
- Marathi: निवाण (nivāṇ, “cooling application for eyes”), निवाणें (nivāṇẽ, “destruction”), निव्णें (nivṇẽ, “hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool”)
Pali: nibbāna
- → Burmese: နိဗ္ဗာန် (nibban)
- → Khmer: និព្វាន (nɨppiən)
- → Lao: ນິພານ (ni phān)
- → Sinhalese: නිර්වාණ (nirwāṇa), නිවන (niwana)
- → Thai: นิพพาน (níp-paan)
→ Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)
→ Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)
- → Japanese: 涅槃 (nehan)
- → Korean: 열반(涅槃) (yeolban)
- → Vietnamese: niết bàn
→ English: nirvana
→ Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)
→ Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
→ Indonesian: nirwana
→ Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)
→ Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
→ Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ (nirwan)
→ Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)
→ Russian: нирва́на (nirvána)
→ Ukrainian: нірва́на (nirvána)

Adjective

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem

blown or put out, extinguished (as a lamp or fire), set (as the sun), calmed, quieted, tamed, dead, deceased (lit. having the fire of life extinguished), lost, disappeared
immersed, plunged
immovable

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of निर्वाण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्वाणः (nirvāṇaḥ)	निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)	निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) निर्वाणासः¹ (nirvāṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam)	निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)	निर्वाणान् (nirvāṇān)
instrumental	निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ) निर्वाणेभिः¹ (nirvāṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām)
locative	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu)
vocative	निर्वाण (nirvāṇa)	निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)	निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) निर्वाणासः¹ (nirvāṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of निर्वाणा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्वाणा (nirvāṇā)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ)
accusative	निर्वाणाम् (nirvāṇām)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ)
instrumental	निर्वाणया (nirvāṇayā) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणाभिः (nirvāṇābhiḥ)
dative	निर्वाणायै (nirvāṇāyai)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणाभ्यः (nirvāṇābhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्वाणायाः (nirvāṇāyāḥ) निर्वाणायै² (nirvāṇāyai²)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणाभ्यः (nirvāṇābhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्वाणायाः (nirvāṇāyāḥ) निर्वाणायै² (nirvāṇāyai²)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām)
locative	निर्वाणायाम् (nirvāṇāyām)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणासु (nirvāṇāsu)
vocative	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)
accusative	निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)
instrumental	निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ) निर्वाणेभिः¹ (nirvāṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt)	निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām)	निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām)
locative	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ)	निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu)
vocative	निर्वाण (nirvāṇa)	निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe)	निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹)

¹Vedic

References

Collins, Steven (2010) Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative. Cambridge University Press, pages 63-64.
Monier Williams (1899) “निर्वाण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0557.