涅槃

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (涅槃)	涅	槃
simp. ^#(涅槃)	涅	槃
alternative forms	泥洹𢌽

Etymology

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna. Compare Thai นิพพาน (níp-paan).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nièpán

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nip⁶ pun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): net-phàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t-phoân / liap-phoân / lia̍p-phoân

(Teochew, Peng'im): niab⁴ puang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nièpán
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄆㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nièpán
  - Wade–Giles: nieh⁴-pʻan²
  - Yale: nyè-pán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niehparn
  - Palladius: непань (nepanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nip⁶ pun⁴
  - Yale: nihp pùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nip⁹ pun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nib⁶ pun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːp̚² pʰuːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: net-phàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ned^ˋ pan^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ned⁵ pan²
  - Sinological IPA: /net̚² pʰan¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t-phoân
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍t-phuân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liadphoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liap-phoân
  - Tâi-lô: liap-phuân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liapphoaan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liap̚³²⁻⁴ pʰuan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p-phoân
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍p-phuân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liabphoaan
  - IPA (Taipei): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: niab⁴ puang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niap phuâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niap̚²⁻⁴ pʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: net ban

Rime
Character	涅	槃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	奴結切	薄官切
Baxter	net	ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/net̚/	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛt̚/	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛt̚/	/bwan/
Li Rong	/net̚/	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/niet̚/	/buɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/niet̚/	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	niè	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nit⁶	pun⁴

Noun

涅槃

(Buddhism) nirvana (a state of perfect happiness, harmony and freedom; enlightenment).

Synonyms

圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì)
寂滅／寂灭
滅度／灭度 (mièdù )
果果 (guǒguǒ)
(abbreviation) 涅 (niè)

Derived terms

一佛出世，二佛涅槃 (yīfóchūshì, èrfónièpán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (涅槃):

→ Japanese: 涅(ね)槃(はん) (nehan)
→ Korean: 열반(涅槃) (yeolban)
→ Vietnamese: niết bàn (涅槃)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
涅	槃
ね Hyōgai	はん Hyōgai
kan'yōon	kan'on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] or Pali nibbāna.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ねはん [nèháń] (Heiban – [0])^[5]
(Tokyo) ねはん [néꜜhàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[5]
(Tokyo) ねはん [nèháꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ne̞hã̠ɴ]

Noun

涅(ね)槃(はん) • (nehan)

(Buddhism) nirvana (enlightened experience)
- 7th century, Prajñāpāramitā Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
  無(む)罣(け)礙(げ)故(こ)。無(む)有(う)恐(く)怖(ふ)。遠(おん)離(り)一(いっ)切(さい)顛(てん)倒(どう)夢(む)想(そう)。究(く)竟(ぎょう)涅(ね)槃(はん)。
  Mu kege ko, mu ku u fu. Onri issai tendō musō, kukyō nehan...
  Because there are no obstacles, there is no fear. Separating from everything, from all upside-down views and from attaining Nirvana, too.^[7]
Synonyms: 寂滅 (jakumetsu), 泥洹 (naion), ニルバーナ (nirubāna)
(Buddhism) short for 仏涅槃 (butsunehan): the death of the Sakyamuni Buddha
(Buddhism, by extension) death, dying
Synonyms: 入寂 (nyūjaku), 入涅槃 (nyūnehan), 入滅 (nyūmetsu)
(Buddhism) short for 涅槃会 (Nehan-e): an annual Buddhist service held on Parinirvana Day

Derived terms

涅(ね)槃(はん)会(え) (Nehan-e)
涅(ね)槃(はん)絵(え) (Nehan-e)
涅(ね)槃(はん)経(ぎょう) (Nehan-gyō)
涅(ね)槃(はん)原(げん)則(そく) (nehan gensoku)
涅(ね)槃(はん)講(‐こう) (Nehan‐kō)
涅(ね)槃(はん)寂(じゃく)静(じょう) (nehan jakujō)
涅(ね)槃(はん)宗(しゅう) (Nehan-shū)
涅(ね)槃(はん)図(ず) (Nehanzu)
涅(ね)槃(はん)像(ぞう) (nehan-zō)
涅(ね)槃(はん)西(にし) (nehan nishi)
涅(ね)槃(はん)西(にし)風(かぜ) (nehan nishikaze)
涅(ね)槃(はん)門(もん) (nehanmon)
涅(ね)槃(はん)雪(ゆき) (nehan yuki)
有(う)余(よ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (uyo nehan)
究(く)竟(きょう)涅(ね)槃(はん) (kukyō nehan)
生(しょう)死(じ)即(そく)涅(ね)槃(はん) (shōji-soku nehan)
入(にゅう)涅(ね)槃(はん) (nyūnehan)
仏(ぶつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (butsunehan)
法(ほっ)華(け)涅(ね)槃(はん)時(じ) (Hokke Nehan-ji)
無(む)余(よ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (muyo nehan)

Proper noun

涅(ね)槃(はん) • (Nehan)

short for 涅槃経 (Nehan-gyō): the Nirvana Sutra

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “涅槃”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “涅槃”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “涅槃”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
^ Kido Inoue, Doiku Takeda (2012) Reggie Pawle, Ph.D, editor, Record of Traces and Dreams: the Heart Sutra, iUniverse, →ISBN, page vi

Korean

Hanja in this term
涅	槃

Noun

涅槃 • (yeolban) (hangeul 열반)

hanja form^? of 열반 (“(Buddhism) nirvana (a state of perfect happiness, harmony and freedom; enlightenment).”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
涅	槃

Noun

涅槃

chữ Hán form of niết bàn (“(Buddhism) nirvana (a state of perfect happiness, harmony and freedom; enlightenment)”)

[Nipponica-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “涅槃”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

[2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJS-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[4] “涅槃”, in 改訂新版世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN

[DJR-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[6] “涅槃”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎^[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

[7] Kido Inoue, Doiku Takeda (2012) Reggie Pawle, Ph.D, editor, Record of Traces and Dreams: the Heart Sutra, iUniverse, →ISBN, page vi

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涅槃

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proper noun

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun