भल्ल
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ভল্ল (Assamese script)
- ᬪᬮ᭄ᬮ (Balinese script)
- ভল্ল (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰩𑰿𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑀮𑁆𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဘလ္လ (Burmese script)
- ભલ્લ (Gujarati script)
- ਭਲ੍ਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑌲𑍍𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦭ꧀ꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂪𑂹𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಭಲ್ಲ (Kannada script)
- ភល្ល (Khmer script)
- ຠລ຺ລ (Lao script)
- ഭല്ല (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᠠᠯᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘩𑘿𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠠᠯᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧉𑧠𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑐮𑑂𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଭଲ୍ଲ (Odia script)
- ꢩꢭ꣄ꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑆬𑇀𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖩𑖿𑖩 (Siddham script)
- භල්ල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳𑩽 𑪙𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚥𑚶𑚥 (Takri script)
- ப⁴ல்ல (Tamil script)
- భల్ల (Telugu script)
- ภลฺล (Thai script)
- བྷ་ལླ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑒪𑓂𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑨬𑩇𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bʱɐl.lɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /bʱɐl̪.l̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
The origin is uncertain.
Chatterji considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil வேல் (vēl, “spear, lance”).[1] Alternatively, Burrow and Turner derive the word from an unattested *भत्ल (*bhatla), and connect it to Latin battuo (“to hit; to fight”).[2][3]
Noun
भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्लः (bhallaḥ) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लान् (bhallān) |
| instrumental | भल्लेन (bhallena) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) भल्लेभिः¹ (bhallebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भल्लाय (bhallāya) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लात् (bhallāt) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लस्य (bhallasya) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लेषु (bhalleṣu) |
| vocative | भल्ल (bhalla) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, n
- an arrowhead of a particular shape
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
| accusative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
| instrumental | भल्लेन (bhallena) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) भल्लेभिः¹ (bhallebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भल्लाय (bhallāya) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लात् (bhallāt) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लस्य (bhallasya) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लेषु (bhalleṣu) |
| vocative | भल्ल (bhalla) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “bhallaḥ¹”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 483
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 365
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
Etymology 2
From an earlier *bhadlá, from an even earlier भद्र (bhadrá, “favourable, auspicious”), whence also भल्लाक्ष (bhallākṣa, “a term used in addressing a flamingo”).[1][2][3]
Adjective
भल्ल • (bhalla) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्लः (bhallaḥ) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लान् (bhallān) |
| instrumental | भल्लेन (bhallena) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) भल्लेभिः¹ (bhallebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भल्लाय (bhallāya) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लात् (bhallāt) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लस्य (bhallasya) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लेषु (bhalleṣu) |
| vocative | भल्ल (bhalla) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्ला (bhallā) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) |
| accusative | भल्लाम् (bhallām) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) |
| instrumental | भल्लया (bhallayā) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लाभिः (bhallābhiḥ) |
| dative | भल्लायै (bhallāyai) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लाभ्यः (bhallābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लायाः (bhallāyāḥ) भल्लायै² (bhallāyai²) |
भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लाभ्यः (bhallābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लायाः (bhallāyāḥ) भल्लायै² (bhallāyai²) |
भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्लायाम् (bhallāyām) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लासु (bhallāsu) |
| vocative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
| accusative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
| instrumental | भल्लेन (bhallena) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) भल्लेभिः¹ (bhallebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भल्लाय (bhallāya) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लात् (bhallāt) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लस्य (bhallasya) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लेषु (bhalleṣu) |
| vocative | भल्ल (bhalla) | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लानि (bhallāni) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Prakrit: भल्ल (bhalla) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 365
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “bhalla-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 254
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “bhallākṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][5] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 254
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 3
The origin is uncertain.
Perhaps from the same origin as the "auspicious" sense of Etymology 2; flattering euphemisms for bears were common in ancient India.[1]
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown, bear”), itself a possibly-euphemistic replacement for Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”), with irregular phonetic modification by taboo. Mayrhofer appears to tentatively favor this latter derivation, though is also open to the former "auspicious" derivation;[2][3] perhaps both paths contributed to the development of the word.
Noun
भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, m
- a bear
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भल्लः (bhallaḥ) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भल्लम् (bhallam) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लान् (bhallān) |
| instrumental | भल्लेन (bhallena) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) भल्लेभिः¹ (bhallebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भल्लाय (bhallāya) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भल्लात् (bhallāt) | भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) | भल्लेभ्यः (bhallebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भल्लस्य (bhallasya) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लानाम् (bhallānām) |
| locative | भल्ले (bhalle) | भल्लयोः (bhallayoḥ) | भल्लेषु (bhalleṣu) |
| vocative | भल्ल (bhalla) | भल्लौ (bhallau) भल्ला¹ (bhallā¹) |
भल्लाः (bhallāḥ) भल्लासः¹ (bhallāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “bhallū́kaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][6] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 485
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-³”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][7] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhallūka-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][8] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1954) Bhartiya Aryabhasha Aur Hindi, Rajkamal Prakashan, page 73
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 4
Related to मल्ल (malla, “wrestler, boxer by profession”).[1]
Proper noun
भल्ल • (bhalla) m
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-⁴”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][9] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press