भोजन
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भोजन (bhójana).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /bʱoː.d͡ʒən/, [bʱoː.d͡ʒɐ̃n]
Noun
भोजन • (bhojan) m (Urdu spelling بھوجَن)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | भोजन bhojan |
भोजन bhojan |
| oblique | भोजन bhojan |
भोजनों bhojanõ |
| vocative | भोजन bhojan |
भोजनो bhojano |
Derived terms
- भोजन-शाला (bhojan-śālā)
- भोजन-सूची (bhojan-sūcī)
- भोजनालय (bhojnālay)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “भोजन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भोजन (bhojana). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘥𑘻𑘕𑘡 (bhojana).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʱo.d͡ʑən/
- Hyphenation: भो‧जन
- Rhymes: -ən
Noun
भोजन • (bhojan) m (literary, rare)
Declension
| Declension of भोजन (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
भोजन bhojan | ||
| direct plural |
भोजन bhojan | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
भोजन bhojan |
भोजन bhojan | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
भोजना bhojnā |
भोजनां- bhojnān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
भोजनाला bhojnālā |
भोजनांना bhojnānnā | |
| ergative | भोजनाने, भोजनानं bhojnāne, bhojnāna |
भोजनांनी bhojnānnī | |
| instrumental | भोजनाशी bhojnāśī |
भोजनांशी bhojnānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
भोजनात bhojnāt |
भोजनांत bhojnāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
भोजना bhojnā |
भोजनांनो bhojnānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of भोजन (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
भोजनाचा bhojnāċā |
भोजनाचे bhojnāċe |
भोजनाची bhojnācī |
भोजनाच्या bhojnācā |
भोजनाचे, भोजनाचं bhojnāċe, bhojnāċa |
भोजनाची bhojnācī |
भोजनाच्या bhojnācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
भोजनांचा bhojnānċā |
भोजनांचे bhojnānċe |
भोजनांची bhojnāñcī |
भोजनांच्या bhojnāncā |
भोजनांचे, भोजनांचं bhojnānċe, bhojnānċa |
भोजनांची bhojnāñcī |
भोजनांच्या bhojnāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Synonyms
- जेवण (jevaṇ)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “भोजन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “भोजन”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
भोजन n
- Devanagari script form of bhojana (“meal”)
Declension
Declension table of "भोजन" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | भोजनं (bhojanaṃ) | भोजनानि (bhojanāni) |
| Accusative (second) | भोजनं (bhojanaṃ) | भोजनानि (bhojanāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | भोजनेन (bhojanena) | भोजनेहि (bhojanehi) or भोजनेभि (bhojanebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | भोजनस्स (bhojanassa) or भोजनाय (bhojanāya) or भोजनत्थं (bhojanatthaṃ) | भोजनानं (bhojanānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | भोजनस्मा (bhojanasmā) or भोजनम्हा (bhojanamhā) or भोजना (bhojanā) | भोजनेहि (bhojanehi) or भोजनेभि (bhojanebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | भोजनस्स (bhojanassa) | भोजनानं (bhojanānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | भोजनस्मिं (bhojanasmiṃ) or भोजनम्हि (bhojanamhi) or भोजने (bhojane) | भोजनेसु (bhojanesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | भोजन (bhojana) | भोजनानि (bhojanāni) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ভোজন (Assamese script)
- ᬪᭀᬚᬦ (Balinese script)
- ভোজন (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰺𑰕𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑁄𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဘောဇန (Burmese script)
- ભોજન (Gujarati script)
- ਭੋਜਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑍋𑌜𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦺꦴꦗꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಭೋಜನ (Kannada script)
- ភោជន (Khmer script)
- ໂຠຊນ (Lao script)
- ഭോജന (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᠣᡯᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘻𑘕𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠣᠸᠠᠽᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧜𑦵𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑑀𑐖𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଭୋଜନ (Odia script)
- ꢩꣂꢙꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑆾𑆘𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖺𑖕𑖡 (Siddham script)
- භොජන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳𑩕𑩣𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚴𑚑𑚝 (Takri script)
- பே⁴ாஜந (Tamil script)
- భోజన (Telugu script)
- โภชน (Thai script)
- བྷོ་ཛ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑒼𑒖𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑨆𑨥𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root भुज् (bhuj) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bʱɐ́w.d͡ʑɐ.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /bʱoː.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/
Noun
भोजन • (bhójana) stem, n
- the act of enjoying, using
- the act of eating
- a meal, food
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.13.4:
- प्र॒जाभ्यः॑ पु॒ष्टिं वि॒भज॑न्त आसते र॒यिमि॑व पृ॒ष्ठं प्र॒भव॑न्तमाय॒ते।
असि॑न्व॒न्दंष्ट्रैः॑ पि॒तुर॑त्ति॒ भोज॑नं॒ यस्ताकृ॑णोः प्रथ॒मं सास्यु॒क्थ्यः॑॥- prajā́bhyaḥ puṣṭíṃ vibhájanta āsate rayímiva pṛṣṭháṃ prabhávantamāyaté.
ásinvandáṃṣṭraiḥ pitúratti bhójanaṃ yástā́kṛṇoḥ prathamáṃ sā́syukthyàḥ. - Dealing out food unto their people there they sit, like wealth to him who comes, more than the back can bear.
Greedily with his teeth he eats the master's food.
You (Indra) who did these things first are worthy of our praises.
- prajā́bhyaḥ puṣṭíṃ vibhájanta āsate rayímiva pṛṣṭháṃ prabhávantamāyaté.
- प्र॒जाभ्यः॑ पु॒ष्टिं वि॒भज॑न्त आसते र॒यिमि॑व पृ॒ष्ठं प्र॒भव॑न्तमाय॒ते।
- anything enjoyed or used, property, possession
- enjoyment, any object of enjoyment or the pleasure caused by it
- the act of giving to eat, feeding
- dressing food, cooking
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
| accusative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
| instrumental | भोजनेन (bhójanena) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनैः (bhójanaiḥ) भोजनेभिः¹ (bhójanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भोजनाय (bhójanāya) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भोजनात् (bhójanāt) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भोजनस्य (bhójanasya) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनानाम् (bhójanānām) |
| locative | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनेषु (bhójaneṣu) |
| vocative | भोजन (bhójana) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adjective
भोजन • (bhójana) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भोजनः (bhójanaḥ) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनाः (bhójanāḥ) भोजनासः¹ (bhójanāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनान् (bhójanān) |
| instrumental | भोजनेन (bhójanena) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनैः (bhójanaiḥ) भोजनेभिः¹ (bhójanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भोजनाय (bhójanāya) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भोजनात् (bhójanāt) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भोजनस्य (bhójanasya) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनानाम् (bhójanānām) |
| locative | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनेषु (bhójaneṣu) |
| vocative | भोजन (bhójana) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनाः (bhójanāḥ) भोजनासः¹ (bhójanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भोजनी (bhójanī) | भोजन्यौ (bhójanyau) भोजनी¹ (bhójanī¹) |
भोजन्यः (bhójanyaḥ) भोजनीः¹ (bhójanīḥ¹) |
| accusative | भोजनीम् (bhójanīm) | भोजन्यौ (bhójanyau) भोजनी¹ (bhójanī¹) |
भोजनीः (bhójanīḥ) |
| instrumental | भोजन्या (bhójanyā) | भोजनीभ्याम् (bhójanībhyām) | भोजनीभिः (bhójanībhiḥ) |
| dative | भोजन्यै (bhójanyai) | भोजनीभ्याम् (bhójanībhyām) | भोजनीभ्यः (bhójanībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भोजन्याः (bhójanyāḥ) भोजन्यै² (bhójanyai²) |
भोजनीभ्याम् (bhójanībhyām) | भोजनीभ्यः (bhójanībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भोजन्याः (bhójanyāḥ) भोजन्यै² (bhójanyai²) |
भोजन्योः (bhójanyoḥ) | भोजनीनाम् (bhójanīnām) |
| locative | भोजन्याम् (bhójanyām) | भोजन्योः (bhójanyoḥ) | भोजनीषु (bhójanīṣu) |
| vocative | भोजनि (bhójani) | भोजन्यौ (bhójanyau) भोजनी¹ (bhójanī¹) |
भोजन्यः (bhójanyaḥ) भोजनीः¹ (bhójanīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
| accusative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
| instrumental | भोजनेन (bhójanena) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनैः (bhójanaiḥ) भोजनेभिः¹ (bhójanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भोजनाय (bhójanāya) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भोजनात् (bhójanāt) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भोजनस्य (bhójanasya) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनानाम् (bhójanānām) |
| locative | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनेषु (bhójaneṣu) |
| vocative | भोजन (bhójana) | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनानि (bhójanāni) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
भोजन • (bhójana) stem, m
- name of a mountain
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भोजनः (bhójanaḥ) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनाः (bhójanāḥ) भोजनासः¹ (bhójanāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | भोजनम् (bhójanam) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनान् (bhójanān) |
| instrumental | भोजनेन (bhójanena) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनैः (bhójanaiḥ) भोजनेभिः¹ (bhójanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | भोजनाय (bhójanāya) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भोजनात् (bhójanāt) | भोजनाभ्याम् (bhójanābhyām) | भोजनेभ्यः (bhójanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भोजनस्य (bhójanasya) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनानाम् (bhójanānām) |
| locative | भोजने (bhójane) | भोजनयोः (bhójanayoḥ) | भोजनेषु (bhójaneṣu) |
| vocative | भोजन (bhójana) | भोजनौ (bhójanau) भोजना¹ (bhójanā¹) |
भोजनाः (bhójanāḥ) भोजनासः¹ (bhójanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀪𑁄𑀅𑀡 (bhoaṇa)
- Pali: bhojana
- → Hindi: भोजन (bhojan)
- → Kannada: ಭೋಜನ (bhōjana)
- → Tamil: போசனம் (pōcaṉam), போஜனம் (pōjaṉam)
- → Telugu: భోజనము (bhōjanamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “भोजन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 768/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 276