भ्रातृ
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ). Doublet of भ्राता (bhrātā) and भाई (bhāī).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /bʱɾɑːt̪ɾ/, [bʱɾäːt̪ɾ]
Noun
भ्रातृ • (bhrātŕ) m (Urdu spelling بھراتر) (literary, rare)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | भ्रातृ bhrātŕ |
भ्रातृ bhrātŕ |
| oblique | भ्रातृ bhrātŕ |
भ्रातृओं bhrātŕõ |
| vocative | भ्रातृ bhrātŕ |
भ्रातृओ bhrātŕo |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ভ্ৰাতৃ (Assamese script)
- ᬪ᭄ᬭᬵᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
- ভ্রাতৃ (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
- ဘြာတၖ (Burmese script)
- ભ્રાતૃ (Gujarati script)
- ਭ੍ਰਾਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦿꦴꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
- ಭ್ರಾತೃ (Kannada script)
- ភ្រាត្ឫ (Khmer script)
- ຠ຺ຣາຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
- ഭ്രാതൃ (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠷᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
- ଭ୍ରାତୃ (Odia script)
- ꢩ꣄ꢬꢵꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
- භ්රාතෘ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
- ப்⁴ராத்ரி (Tamil script)
- భ్రాతృ (Telugu script)
- ภฺราตฺฤ (Thai script)
- བྷྲཱ་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar), Ancient Greek φρᾱ́τηρ (phrā́tēr), Latin frater, Persian برادر (barâdar), Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ, English brother.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /bʱɾɑ́ː.tr̩/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /bʱɾɑː.t̪r̩/
Noun
भ्रातृ • (bhrā́tṛ) stem, m
- a brother
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.51.5:
- द्यौ॒ष् पितः॒ पृथि॑वि॒ मात॒र् अध्रु॒ग् अग्ने॑ भ्रातर् वसवो मृ॒ळता॑ नः।
विश्व॑ आदित्या अदिते स॒जोषा॑ अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ शर्म॑ बहु॒लं वि य॑न्त॥- dyauṣ pítaḥ pṛ́thivi mā́tar ádhrug ágne bhrātar vasavo mṛḷátā naḥ.
víśva ādityā adite sajóṣā asmábhyaṃ śárma bahuláṃ ví yanta. - Father Heaven, innocent mother Earth, brother Agni, and you, Vasus, grant us happiness; all you sons of Aditi, and you Aditi, alike well-pleased, bestow upon us ample felicity.
- dyauṣ pítaḥ pṛ́thivi mā́tar ádhrug ágne bhrātar vasavo mṛḷátā naḥ.
- द्यौ॒ष् पितः॒ पृथि॑वि॒ मात॒र् अध्रु॒ग् अग्ने॑ भ्रातर् वसवो मृ॒ळता॑ नः।
- (by extension) kinsman, relative
- (figuratively) friend
Usage notes
Often used to designate a near relative or an intimate friend, especially as a term of friendly address.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | भ्राता (bhrā́tā) | भ्रातरौ (bhrā́tarau) भ्रातरा¹ (bhrā́tarā¹) |
भ्रातरः (bhrā́taraḥ) |
| accusative | भ्रातरम् (bhrā́taram) | भ्रातरौ (bhrā́tarau) भ्रातरा¹ (bhrā́tarā¹) |
भ्रातॄन् (bhrā́tṝn) |
| instrumental | भ्रात्रा (bhrā́trā) | भ्रातृभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛbhyām) | भ्रातृभिः (bhrā́tṛbhiḥ) |
| dative | भ्रात्रे (bhrā́tre) | भ्रातृभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛbhyām) | भ्रातृभ्यः (bhrā́tṛbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | भ्रातुः (bhrā́tuḥ) | भ्रातृभ्याम् (bhrā́tṛbhyām) | भ्रातृभ्यः (bhrā́tṛbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | भ्रातुः (bhrā́tuḥ) | भ्रात्रोः (bhrā́troḥ) | भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrā́tṝṇām) |
| locative | भ्रातरि (bhrā́tari) | भ्रात्रोः (bhrā́troḥ) | भ्रातृषु (bhrā́tṛṣu) |
| vocative | भ्रातः (bhrā́taḥ) | भ्रातरौ (bhrā́tarau) भ्रातरा¹ (bhrā́tarā¹) |
भ्रातरः (bhrā́taraḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀢𑀼 (bhātu)
- Dardic
- Kashmiri: بوے (bōy)
- Pali: bhātar
- → Bengali: ভ্রাতা (bhrata)
- → Hindi: भ्राता (bhrātā), भ्रातृ (bhrātŕ)
- → Telugu: భ్రాత (bhrāta)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “भ्रातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 770/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 280-1