برادر

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

براذر (bürazer, birazer)

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian (barâdar, berâdar).

Noun

برادر • (birader) (plural برادرلر)

brother
Synonym: قارداش (kardaş)

Descendants

Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
→ Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
→⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
→⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
→ Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer

References

Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برادر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[1], Vienna, column 744

Persian

Alternative forms

براذر (barāḏar) (obsolete, Early New Persian)
وردار (vardâr) (dialectal, Kashan)
برار (birār) (dialectal, Hazaragi, Herati)
بیادر (biyādar) (dialectal, Dari)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (brād, brādar), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (brātā), from Proto-Iranian *bráHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with English brother.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /bi.ɾaː.ˈdaɾ/, /ba.ɾaː.ˈdaɾ/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ], [bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bi.jɑː.d̪ǽɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bi.ɾɔ́ːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæ.ɹɒː.d̪ǽɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.ɾɔ.d̪ǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	birādár, barādár
Dari reading^?	barādar, birādar
Iranian reading^?	barâdar
Tajik reading^?	barodar

Audio (Iran): (file)
Rhymes: -ar

Noun

برادر • (barādar, birādar / barâdar) (plural برادران (barādarān, birādarān / barâdarân), or برادرها (barādar-hā, birādar-hā / barâdar-hâ), Tajik spelling бародар)

brother
Synonyms: داداش (dādāš / dâdâš), دادر (dādar / dâdar), اخوی (axawī / axavi), کاکا (kākā / kâkâ) (dialectal)

(colloquial Tehrani)
barâdaram mi-xâd bâ ye zan-i ezdevâj kone.
My brother wants to get married to some woman. (Implied is that the brother has chosen a specific woman, but the speaker is not acquainted with her.)
(Iran, military) comrade
(Iran, colloquial) dude (term of address for man)
Synonyms: داداش (dādāš / dâdâš), اخوی (axawī / axavi)

Inflection

Possessive forms of
	singular	plural
1^st person singular (“my”)	برادرم (barâdaram)	برادرانم، برادرام^△ (barâdarấnam, barâdarấm^△)
2^nd person singular (“your”)	برادرت (barâdarat, barâdaret^△)	برادرانت، برادرات^△ (barâdarấnat, barâdarất^△)
3^rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	برادرش (barâdaraš, barâdareš^△)	برادرانش، برادراش^△ (barâdarấnaš, barâdarấš^△)
1^st person plural (“our”)	برادرمان، برادرمون^△ (barâdaremân, barâdaremun^△)	برادرانمان، برادرامون^△ (barâdarấnemân, barâdarấmun^△)
2^nd person plural (“your”)	برادرتان، برادرتون^△ (barâdaretân, barâdaretun^△)	برادرانتان، برادراتون^△ (barâdarấnetân, barâdarấtun^△)
3^rd person plural (“their”)	برادرشان، برادرشون^△ (barâdarešân, barâdarešun^△)	برادرانشان، برادراشون^△ (barâdarấnešân, barâdarấšun^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of
	singular	plural
1^st person singular (“my”)	برادرم (barâdaram)	برادرهایم، برادرهام، برادرام^△ (barâdar-hấyam, barâdarấm^△)
2^nd person singular (“your”)	برادرت (barâdarat, barâdaret^△)	برادرهایت، برادرهات، برادرات^△ (barâdar-hấyat, barâdarất^△)
3^rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	برادرش (barâdaraš, barâdareš^△)	برادرهایش، برادرهاش، برادراش^△ (barâdar-hấyaš, barâdarấš^△)
1^st person plural (“our”)	برادرمان، برادرمون^△ (barâdaremân, barâdaremun^△)	برادرهایمان، برادرهامون، برادرامون^△ (barâdar-hấyemân, barâdarấmun^△)
2^nd person plural (“your”)	برادرتان، برادرتون^△ (barâdaretân, barâdaretun^△)	برادرهایتان، برادرهاتون، برادراتون^△ (barâdar-hấyetân, barâdarấtun^△)
3^rd person plural (“their”)	برادرشان، برادرشون^△ (barâdarešân, barâdarešun^△)	برادرهایشان، برادرهاشون، برادراشون^△ (barâdar-hấyešân, barâdarấšun^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

برادر ناتنی (barādar-nātanī / barâdar-nâtani)
برادرانه (barādarāna / barâdarâne)
برادرخوانده (barādar-xwānda / barâdar-xânde)
برادرزاده (barādar-zāda / barâdar-zâde)
برادرزن (barādar-zan / barâdar-zan)
برادرشوهر (barādar-šōhar / barâdar-šuhar)
برادروار (barādarwār / barâdarvâr)
برادرکشی (barādar-kušī / barâdar-koši)
برادری (barādarī / barâdari)
دختربرادر (duxtar-barādar / doxtar-barâdar)
زن‌برادر (zan-barādar / zan-barâdar)
پسربرادر (pisar-barādar / pesar-barâdar)

Descendants

→ Bashkir: борадәр (boradər)
→ Bengali: বেরাদর (berador)
→ Gujarati: બિરાદર (birādar)
→ Hindustani: birādar
Hindi: बिरादर

Urdu: بِرادَر
→ Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
- Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
- → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
- →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
- →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
- → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer
→ Punjabi: barādar
Gurmukhi script: ਬਰਾਦਰ

Shahmukhi script: بَرادَر
→ Uzbek: birodar

(via Classical plural form (birādarān)):

→ Hindustani: birādarān
Hindi: बिरादरान

Urdu: بِرادَران

Iranian Persian dialectal kinship terms
vâžegân-e lahje-hâ-ye fârsi-ye irâni barâ-ye xišâvandân-e nasabi Iranian Persian dialectal kinship terms
Family member	Standard Iranian Persian	Tehrani dialect	Abadani dialect	Kashani dialect	Shirazi dialect
mother	مادر (mâdar)	مامان (mâmân)	ننه (nene)		مامو (mâmo)
grandmother	مادربزرگ (mâdar-bozorg)	مامان‌بزرگ (mâmân-bozorg)	بی‌بی (bi-bi)	ماجون (mâjun)	بی‌بی (bi-bi)
father	پدر (pedar)	بابا (bâbâ)	دده (dede)	بابا (bâbâ)	بابو (bâbo)
grandfather	پدربزرگ (pedar-bozorg)	بابا بزرگ (bâbâbozorg)			بو‌بزرگ (bovobozorg) آقوبزرگ (âġobozorg)
sister	خواهر (xâhar)	آبجی (âbji)	دده (dade)	—	آباجی (âbâji)
older sister	خواهر بزرگ (xâhar-bozorg)	آق‌‌باجی (âġ-bâji)	—	باجی (bâji)	شاباجی (šâbâji)
brother	برادر (barâdar)	داداش (dâdâš)	کا (kâ)	وردار (vardâr)	کاکو (kâko) داچی (dâčči) (younger brother)
older brother	برادربزرگ (barâdar-bozorg)	—			آکاکو (âkâko)
maternal aunt (mother's sister)	خاله (xâle)
maternal uncle (mother's brother)	دایی (dâyi)		خالو (xâlu)	—	دئی (do'i) خان‌دوی (xân-doy) (more respectful)
paternal aunt (father's sister)	عمه (amme)
paternal uncle (father's brother)	عمو (amu)		آمو, عامو (âmu)	—	آمو, عامو (âmu)

When referring to older family members, both بزرگ (bozorg) and کلان (kalân) are correct, but the former is more common in Iran.

Dari Persian dialectal kinship terms
Family member	Standard Dari	Kabuli dialect	Hazaragi dialect
mother	مادر (mādar)	ننه (nana)	آبه (āba)
grandmother	مادرکلان (mādar-kalān)	بی‌بی (bī-bī)	آجه (āja) بی‌بی (bī-bī)
father	پدر (padar)	بابا (bābā)	آته (āta)
grandfather	پدرکلان (padar-kalān)	باباجی (bābājī) آغا (āġā)	بابا (bābā)
sister	خواهر (xāhar)	خوار (xwār, xār)
older sister	خواهر کلان (xāhar-kalān)	—	آغا (āġā) باجی (bājī)
brother	برادر (barādar)	بیادر (biyādar)	برار (birār)
older brother	برادرکلان (barādar-kalān)	لالا (lālā)
maternal aunt (mother's sister)	خاله (xāla)
maternal uncle (mother's brother)	ماما (māmā)		ماما (māmā) تغایی (taġāyī)
paternal aunt (father's sister)	عمه (amma)
paternal uncle (father's brother)	کاکا (kākā)

When referring to older family members, both بزرگ (buzurg) and کلان (kalān) are correct, but the latter is more common in Afghanistan.
In many dialects, cases of word final ـا (-ā) may be optionally shortened to ـه (-a), e.g. بابا (bābā) > بابه (bāba).
In many dialects, terms ending in ـه (-a) or ـا (-ā) may have an epenthetic ـی (-y) added (unrelated to ezafe), e.g. عمه (amma) > عمی (ammay).

References

Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1829) “պիրազ̇էր”, in Baṙaran Parskerēn əst kargi haykakan aybubenicʻ [Persian Dictionary in the Order of the Armenian Alphabet] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Boghos Arabian Press, page 448a

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

References

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References