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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
Noun
*bráHtā m[1]
- brother
Inflection
| consonant stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*bráHtā
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*bráHtarā(w)
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*bráHtarah
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| vocative
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*bráHtar
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*bráHtarā(w)
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*bráHtarah
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| accusative
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*bráHtaram
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*bráHtarā(w)
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*bráHθrah
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| instrumental
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*bráHθraH
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*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)
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*bráHtr̥bʰiš
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| ablative
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*bráHtr̥š
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*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)
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*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
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| dative
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*bráHθray
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*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)
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*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
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| genitive
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*bráHtr̥š
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*bráHtr̥Hāh
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*bráHθraHam
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| locative
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*bráHtari
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*bráHtr̥Haw
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*bráHtr̥hu
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Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *brā́tā
- Ossetian:
- Digor Ossetian: ӕрвадӕ (ærvadæ)
- Iron Ossetian: ӕрвад (ærvad)
- Proto-Saka: *brātāh
- Khotanese: 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑁂 (brāte)
- Tumshuqese: [script needed] (brāḏe)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Bactrian: βραδο (brado /βrād/), βαραδο (barado /βᵊrād/)
- Khwarezmian: 𐾲𐿂𐾰𐾴 (βrʾd /βrād/)
- Proto-Sogdic: *βrāt
- Sogdian: (/ᵊβrāt(ər)/)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (βrʾt), [script needed] (ʾβrʾtr)
- Christian: ܒܪܐܬ (brʾṯ)
- Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫤 (βrʾt)
- Sogdian script: 𐼱𐽀𐼰𐽂 (βrʾt)
- Yagnobi: vⁱrṓt
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: ورور (wror), رور (“ror”)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *vᵊrǣd
- Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *vᵊrə̄y
- Munji: [script needed] (vᵊrâi)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (vrai)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *vᵊrǣd
- Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *vⁱröd
- Yazghulami: вред (vred), вәред (vəred)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: برات (brát), براس (brás)
- Kurdish
- Northern Kurdish: bira, bra
- Central Kurdish: برا (bra)
- Southern Kurdish: برا (bra)
- Laki: برا (bra)
- Mazanderani: برار (birâr)
- Old Median:
- Middle Median:
- Kermanic:
- Khunsari: برا (birā́)
- Mahallati: برا (berā), برو (birṓ)
- Nayini: بییار (bīyā́r), بیار (bīā́r)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /brād/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /brādar/)
- Old Tati:
- Zazaki: bıra
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (b-r-a-t-a /brātā/)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /brād/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /brādar/)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (AH), [Book Pahlavi needed] (blʾt' /brād/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (blʾtl' /brādar/)
- Classical Persian: برادر (barādar)
- Dari: برادر (birādar, barādar), بیادر (biyādar)
- Hazaragi: برار (birṓr)
- Iranian Persian: برادر (barâdar)
- Tajik: бародар (barodar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
- Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
- → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
- →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
- →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
- → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer
References
- ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 173