माष

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মাষ (Assamese script)
ᬫᬵᬱ (Balinese script)
মাষ (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰯𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀸𑀱 (Brahmi script)
မာၑ (Burmese script)
માષ (Gujarati script)
ਮਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌾𑌷 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦴꦰ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂰𑂭 (Kaithi script)
ಮಾಷ (Kannada script)
មាឞ (Khmer script)
ມາຩ (Lao script)
മാഷ (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘰𑘬 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢗᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧑𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐵𑐲 (Newa script)
ମାଷ (Odia script)
ꢪꢵꢰ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆳𑆰 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖯𑖬 (Siddham script)
මාෂ (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩛𑪀 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚭 (Takri script)
மாஷ (Tamil script)
మాష (Telugu script)
มาษ (Thai script)
མཱ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒰𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨊𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máša-; compare Persian (mâš, “vetch, mung bean”) and Shughni мах̌ (max̌, “pea, bean”), as well as, outside of Indo-Iranian, Albanian modhull (“vetch”)^[1] and Romanian mazăre (“peas”). Said terms seem to go back to a Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵʰ- (“small bean”), though based on the "local vegetable" semantic category and irregular sound correspondences between the Indo-Iranian and European terms, the source word is likely to be ultimately of non-Indo-European substrate origin.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑ́ː.ʂɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɑː.ʂɐ/

Noun

माष • (mā́ṣa) stem, m

any Old World bean
(Later Sanskrit) urad
a weight of gold
Synonym: सुवर्ण (suvarṇa)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of माष
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	माषः (mā́ṣaḥ)	माषौ (mā́ṣau) माषा¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषाः (mā́ṣāḥ) माषासः¹ (mā́ṣāsaḥ¹)
accusative	माषम् (mā́ṣam)	माषौ (mā́ṣau) माषा¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषान् (mā́ṣān)
instrumental	माषेण (mā́ṣeṇa)	माषाभ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषैः (mā́ṣaiḥ) माषेभिः¹ (mā́ṣebhiḥ¹)
dative	माषाय (mā́ṣāya)	माषाभ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषेभ्यः (mā́ṣebhyaḥ)
ablative	माषात् (mā́ṣāt)	माषाभ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषेभ्यः (mā́ṣebhyaḥ)
genitive	माषस्य (mā́ṣasya)	माषयोः (mā́ṣayoḥ)	माषाणाम् (mā́ṣāṇām)
locative	माषे (mā́ṣe)	माषयोः (mā́ṣayoḥ)	माषेषु (mā́ṣeṣu)
vocative	माष (mā́ṣa)	माषौ (mā́ṣau) माषा¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषाः (mā́ṣāḥ) माषासः¹ (mā́ṣāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Gandhari: 𐨨𐨮 (maṣa)
- → Middle Persian:
  - Persian: ماش (mâš)
    - Tajik: мош (moš)
    - → Arabic: مَاش (māš)
    - → Azerbaijani: maş
    - → Georgian: მაშა (maša)
    - → Karakalpak: мәш
    - → Kazakh: мәш (mäş)
      - →? Russian: маш (maš)
        → Romanian: maș (Moldova)
        → Ukrainian: маш (maš)
    - → Middle Armenian: մաշ (maš)
      - Armenian: մաշ (maš)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: ماش (maş)
      - Turkish: maş
    - → Uzbek: мош (mosh)
→ Khmer: មាស (miəh)
- → Thai: มาศ (mâat)
→ Malay: emas
Pali: māsa
- → Burmese: မတ် (mat) (cf. မတ်ပဲ (matpai:))
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মাহ (mah)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Nepali: मास (mās)
- Punjabi: ਮਾਸ਼ (māś)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “mā́ṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 352
^ Savelyev, A. (2017). Language Dispersal Beyond Farming. Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 284