मुद्ग
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Hindi मुद्ग (mudg)
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá). Doublet of मूँग (mūṅg).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /mʊd̪.ɡᵊ/
Noun
मुद्ग • (mudga) m
- (rare, formal) a cover, covering, lid
- the mung bean (Vigna radiata)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | मुद्ग mudga |
मुद्ग mudga |
| oblique | मुद्ग mudga |
मुद्गों mudgõ |
| vocative | मुद्ग mudga |
मुद्गो mudgo |
Further reading
- Platts, John T. (1884) “मुद्ग”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মুদ্গ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬕ (Balinese script)
- মুদ্গ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
- မုဒ္ဂ (Burmese script)
- મુદ્ગ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਦ੍ਗ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌗 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦸꦢ꧀ꦒ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂏 (Kaithi script)
- ಮುದ್ಗ (Kannada script)
- មុទ្គ (Khmer script)
- ມຸທ຺ຄ (Lao script)
- മുദ്ഗ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡩᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘐 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᢑᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐐 (Newa script)
- ମୁଦ୍ଗ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆓 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖐 (Siddham script)
- මුද්ග (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩞 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚌 (Takri script)
- முத்³க³ (Tamil script)
- ముద్గ (Telugu script)
- มุทฺค (Thai script)
- མུ་དྒ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /mud.ɡɐ́/, [mud̚.ɡɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /mud̪.ɡɐ/, [mud̪̚.ɡɐ]
Etymology 1
- Petersson claims derivation from Proto-Indo-European via *muzgá, connecting this term and Sanskrit मुद्गर (mudgara, “hammer”) to Slavic, whence Old Czech možditi (“to smash”), Czech hmožditi, Russian можжи́ть (možžítʹ), мозжи́ть (mozžítʹ, “to beat, pound”), etc. ultimately a verbal derivation from Proto-Slavic *mozgь.
- Burrow[3] agrees that *muzgá is the original form, but relates the term to Sanskrit मसूर (masūra, “lentil”) and derives both from Dravidian; cf. Tamil முதிரை (mutirai, “pulse”).
- The Uṇādisūtras (1.127) claim derivation from the root मुद् (mud, “rejoice, be happy”), but this is etymologically unjustified.
Compare मुद्गष्ठ (mudgaṣṭha, “kind of bean”), मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “Vigna aconitifolia”), Prakrit *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara, “Pisum sativum”).[4]
Noun
मु॒द्ग • (mudgá) stem, m
- the mung bean (Vigna radiata)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मुद्गः (mudgáḥ) | मुद्गौ (mudgaú) मुद्गा¹ (mudgā́¹) |
मुद्गाः (mudgā́ḥ) मुद्गासः¹ (mudgā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | मुद्गम् (mudgám) | मुद्गौ (mudgaú) मुद्गा¹ (mudgā́¹) |
मुद्गान् (mudgā́n) |
| instrumental | मुद्गेन (mudgéna) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgā́bhyām) | मुद्गैः (mudgaíḥ) मुद्गेभिः¹ (mudgébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मुद्गाय (mudgā́ya) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgā́bhyām) | मुद्गेभ्यः (mudgébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मुद्गात् (mudgā́t) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgā́bhyām) | मुद्गेभ्यः (mudgébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मुद्गस्य (mudgásya) | मुद्गयोः (mudgáyoḥ) | मुद्गानाम् (mudgā́nām) |
| locative | मुद्गे (mudgé) | मुद्गयोः (mudgáyoḥ) | मुद्गेषु (mudgéṣu) |
| vocative | मुद्ग (múdga) | मुद्गौ (múdgau) मुद्गा¹ (múdgā¹) |
मुद्गाः (múdgāḥ) मुद्गासः¹ (múdgāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- मुद्गौदन (mudgaudana)
Descendants
- Borrowed terms
- → Hindi: मुद्ग (mudg) (learned)
Etymology 2
Probably extracted from समुद्ग (samudga, “round box”).[5]
Noun
मुद्ग • (mudga) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मुद्गः (mudgaḥ) | मुद्गौ (mudgau) मुद्गा¹ (mudgā¹) |
मुद्गाः (mudgāḥ) मुद्गासः¹ (mudgāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | मुद्गम् (mudgam) | मुद्गौ (mudgau) मुद्गा¹ (mudgā¹) |
मुद्गान् (mudgān) |
| instrumental | मुद्गेन (mudgena) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgābhyām) | मुद्गैः (mudgaiḥ) मुद्गेभिः¹ (mudgebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मुद्गाय (mudgāya) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgābhyām) | मुद्गेभ्यः (mudgebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मुद्गात् (mudgāt) | मुद्गाभ्याम् (mudgābhyām) | मुद्गेभ्यः (mudgebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मुद्गस्य (mudgasya) | मुद्गयोः (mudgayoḥ) | मुद्गानाम् (mudgānām) |
| locative | मुद्गे (mudge) | मुद्गयोः (mudgayoḥ) | मुद्गेषु (mudgeṣu) |
| vocative | मुद्ग (mudga) | मुद्गौ (mudgau) मुद्गा¹ (mudgā¹) |
मुद्गाः (mudgāḥ) मुद्गासः¹ (mudgāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming[1], Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 284
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “mudgáḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 653
- ^ Burrow, T[homas] (1948) “Dravidian Studies VII: Further Dravidian words in Sanskrit”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London[3], volume 12, number 2, page 391 of 365–396
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mudgá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 588
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “samudga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 764
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “मुद्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 822.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मुद्ग”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan