रथ
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha)
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɾət̪ʰ/, [ɾɐt̪ʰ]
Noun
रथ • (rath) m (Urdu spelling رتھ)
- a chariot
- रथ यात्रा ― rath yātrā ― Rath Yatra
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | रथ rath |
रथ rath |
| oblique | रथ rath |
रथों rathõ |
| vocative | रथ rath |
रथो ratho |
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɾət̪ʰ/
Noun
रथ • (rath) m
Declension
| Declension of रथ (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
रथ rath | ||
| direct plural |
रथ rath | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
रथ rath |
रथ rath | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
रथा rathā |
रथां- rathān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
रथाला rathālā |
रथांना rathānnā | |
| ergative | रथाने, रथानं rathāne, rathāna |
रथांनी rathānnī | |
| instrumental | रथाशी rathāśī |
रथांशी rathānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
रथात rathāt |
रथांत rathāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
रथा rathā |
रथांनो rathānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of रथ (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
रथाचा rathāċā |
रथाचे rathāċe |
रथाची rathācī |
रथाच्या rathācā |
रथाचे, रथाचं rathāċe, rathāċa |
रथाची rathācī |
रथाच्या rathācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
रथांचा rathānċā |
रथांचे rathānċe |
रथांची rathāñcī |
रथांच्या rathāncā |
रथांचे, रथांचं rathānċe, rathānċa |
रथांची rathāñcī |
रथांच्या rathāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “रथ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “रथ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “रथ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).
Noun
रथ • (ratha) m
- chariot
- 1422, unknown, कालिकसूरिकथा:
- पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं असवार असवारि स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।
- puṃtāra puṃtāri syaüṃ asavāra asavāri syaüṃ ratha rathi syaüṃ pāyaka pāyaki syaüṃ yuddha nīpajāvaï.
- Mahout with mahout, rider with rider, chariot with chariot, foot soldier with foot soldier, there was war.
- पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं असवार असवारि स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
रथ m
- Devanagari script form of ratha (“chariot; delight”)
Declension
Declension table of "रथ" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | रथो (ratho) | रथा (rathā) |
| Accusative (second) | रथं (rathaṃ) | रथे (rathe) |
| Instrumental (third) | रथेन (rathena) | रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | रथस्स (rathassa) or रथाय (rathāya) or रथत्थं (rathatthaṃ) | रथानं (rathānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | रथस्मा (rathasmā) or रथम्हा (rathamhā) or रथा (rathā) | रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | रथस्स (rathassa) | रथानं (rathānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | रथस्मिं (rathasmiṃ) or रथम्हि (rathamhi) or रथे (rathe) | रथेसु (rathesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | रथ (ratha) | रथा (rathā) |
Sanskrit
FWOTD – 7 July 2018
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰথ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬣ (Balinese script)
- রথ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- ရထ (Burmese script)
- રથ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦡ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂟 (Kaithi script)
- ರಥ (Kannada script)
- រថ (Khmer script)
- ຣຖ (Lao script)
- രഥ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐠 (Newa script)
- ରଥ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖞 (Siddham script)
- රථ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩬 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚚 (Takri script)
- ரத² (Tamil script)
- రథ (Telugu script)
- รถ (Thai script)
- ར་ཐ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot, car”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂-os, from *Hreth₂- (“to roll”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa, “chariot, car”), Latin rota, Old Irish roth, Old High German rad, Lithuanian ratas.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɐ́.tʰɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ/
Noun
रथ • (rátha) stem, m
- chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the अनस् (anas)), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.20.12:
- त उ॒ग्रासो॒ वृष॑ण उ॒ग्रबा॑हवो॒ नकि॑ष्ट॒नूषु॑ येतिरे।
स्थि॒रा धन्वा॒न्यायु॑धा॒ रथे॑षु॒ वोऽनी॑के॒ष्वधि॒ श्रियः॑॥- tá ugrā́so vṛ́ṣaṇa ugrábāhavo nákiṣṭanū́ṣu yetire.
sthirā́ dhánvānyā́yudhā rátheṣu vóʼnīkeṣvádhi śríyaḥ. - Fierce, vigorous, strong-armed, they need not exert (the energy of their) people; bows and arrows are ready in your chariots; the glory (of conquest) over (hostile) armies is yours.
- tá ugrā́so vṛ́ṣaṇa ugrábāhavo nákiṣṭanū́ṣu yetire.
- त उ॒ग्रासो॒ वृष॑ण उ॒ग्रबा॑हवो॒ नकि॑ष्ट॒नूषु॑ येतिरे।
- warrior, hero, champion
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रथः (ráthaḥ) | रथौ (ráthau) रथा¹ (ráthā¹) |
रथाः (ráthāḥ) रथासः¹ (ráthāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | रथम् (rátham) | रथौ (ráthau) रथा¹ (ráthā¹) |
रथान् (ráthān) |
| instrumental | रथेन (ráthena) | रथाभ्याम् (ráthābhyām) | रथैः (ráthaiḥ) रथेभिः¹ (ráthebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रथाय (ráthāya) | रथाभ्याम् (ráthābhyām) | रथेभ्यः (ráthebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रथात् (ráthāt) | रथाभ्याम् (ráthābhyām) | रथेभ्यः (ráthebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रथस्य (ráthasya) | रथयोः (ráthayoḥ) | रथानाम् (ráthānām) |
| locative | रथे (ráthe) | रथयोः (ráthayoḥ) | रथेषु (rátheṣu) |
| vocative | रथ (rátha) | रथौ (ráthau) रथा¹ (ráthā¹) |
रथाः (ráthāḥ) रथासः¹ (ráthāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Assamese: ৰথ (roth)
- → Bengali: রথ (roth)
- → Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:)
- → Gujarati: રથ (rath)
- → Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
- → Khmer: រថ (rŭət)
- → Lao: ລົດ (lot), ຣົຖ (rot)
- Pali: ratha
- Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳 (raha)
- Old Gujarati: रह (raha)
- Bengali: রত (rot)
- ⇒ Hindustani: rẽṛhū
- Hindi: रेंढ़ू
- Urdu: رینڑهو
- → Old Javanese: ratha
- → Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
- → Malayalam: രഥം (rathaṁ)
- → Marathi: रथ (rath)
- → Sinhalese: රථ (ratha), රථය (rathaya)
- → Tamil: இரதம் (iratam)
- → Telugu: రథము (rathamu)
- → Thai: รถ (rót)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 865, column 2.
Etymology 2
From the root रम् (ram, “to rejoice”).
Noun
रथ • (ratha) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रथः (rathaḥ) | रथौ (rathau) | रथाः (rathāḥ) |
| accusative | रथम् (ratham) | रथौ (rathau) | रथान् (rathān) |
| instrumental | रथेन (rathena) | रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām) | रथैः (rathaiḥ) |
| dative | रथाय (rathāya) | रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām) | रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रथात् (rathāt) | रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām) | रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रथस्य (rathasya) | रथयोः (rathayoḥ) | रथानाम् (rathānām) |
| locative | रथे (rathe) | रथयोः (rathayoḥ) | रथेषु (ratheṣu) |
| vocative | रथ (ratha) | रथौ (rathau) | रथाः (rathāḥ) |
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 866, column 2.