रन्ध्र
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- ৰন্ধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬦ᭄ᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- রন্ধ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰡𑰿𑰠𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀦𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ရန္ဓြ (Burmese script)
- રન્ધ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਰਨ੍ਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦤ꧀ꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂢𑂹𑂡𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ರನ್ಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
- រន្ធ្រ (Khmer script)
- ຣນ຺ຘ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- രന്ധ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᠠᠨᢡᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘡𑘿𑘠𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᠨᢑᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧁𑧠𑧀𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐣𑑂𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ରନ୍ଧ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢬꢥ꣄ꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆤𑇀𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖡𑖿𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- රන්ධ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩯 𑪙𑩮 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚝𑚶𑚜𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ரந்த்⁴ர (Tamil script)
- రన్ధ్ర (Telugu script)
- รนฺธฺร (Thai script)
- ར་ནྡྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒢𑓂𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨝𑩇𑨜𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lóndʰ-rom, from *lendʰ- (“loins”). Cognate with Latin lumbus, Russian ля́двея (ljádveja), Old English lenden (whence English lend). Since the semantic shift from “loins” to “fissure” seems unlikely compared to the reverse, it is possible that Sanskrit preserves the original sense of the word as “fissure”, which was lost in the other branches; thus the unattested verbal sense of the root may have been *“to split apart” or similar.
An alternative etymology compares Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”) (modern English rend) and Albanian k-rënd (“cut-up leaves; tinder”), which would point to PIE *(H)rendʰ- (“to cut, split apart, tear”),[1] but the modern consensus on rend and its Germanic cognates is that they are related to Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), in which the initial *h (< PIE *k or *ḱ) precludes the possibility of relationship with रन्ध्र (rándhra). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɐ́n.dʱɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾɐn̪.d̪ʱɾɐ/
Noun
रन्ध्र • (rándhra) stem, n
- a slit, split, opening, aperture, hole, chasm, fissure, cavity
- the vulva
- a defect, fault, flaw, imperfection
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रन्ध्रम् (rándhram) | रन्ध्रे (rándhre) | रन्ध्राणि (rándhrāṇi) रन्ध्रा¹ (rándhrā¹) |
| accusative | रन्ध्रम् (rándhram) | रन्ध्रे (rándhre) | रन्ध्राणि (rándhrāṇi) रन्ध्रा¹ (rándhrā¹) |
| instrumental | रन्ध्रेण (rándhreṇa) | रन्ध्राभ्याम् (rándhrābhyām) | रन्ध्रैः (rándhraiḥ) रन्ध्रेभिः¹ (rándhrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रन्ध्राय (rándhrāya) | रन्ध्राभ्याम् (rándhrābhyām) | रन्ध्रेभ्यः (rándhrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रन्ध्रात् (rándhrāt) | रन्ध्राभ्याम् (rándhrābhyām) | रन्ध्रेभ्यः (rándhrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रन्ध्रस्य (rándhrasya) | रन्ध्रयोः (rándhrayoḥ) | रन्ध्राणाम् (rándhrāṇām) |
| locative | रन्ध्रे (rándhre) | रन्ध्रयोः (rándhrayoḥ) | रन्ध्रेषु (rándhreṣu) |
| vocative | रन्ध्र (rándhra) | रन्ध्रे (rándhre) | रन्ध्राणि (rándhrāṇi) रन्ध्रा¹ (rándhrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- रन्ध्रान्वेषण (randhrānveṣaṇa)
- ब्रह्मरन्ध्र (brahmarandhra, “an aperture in the crown of the head”)
Descendants
- → Bengali: রন্ধ্র (rondhro)
- → Hindi: रंध्र (randhra)
- Pali: randha
- → Tamil: ரந்திரம் (rantiram)
- → Telugu: రంధ్రము (randhramu)
References
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 374: “A Germanic-Indic isogloss secures *rendh- ‘rend’ (e.g. NE rend, Skt rándhram ‘opening, split, hole’).”
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “रन्ध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0866.