वप्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- उप् (up) — samprasāraṇa form
Alternative scripts
- ৱপ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
- বপ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝပ် (Burmese script)
- વપ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವಪ್ (Kannada script)
- វប៑ (Khmer script)
- ວປ຺ (Lao script)
- വപ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠᢒ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᢒ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵପ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
- වප් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
- வப் (Tamil script)
- వప్ (Telugu script)
- วปฺ (Thai script)
- ཝ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋɐp/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋɐp/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to strew, scatter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”). The Indo-Iranian root has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter, harass”), with Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-i, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”) as a cognate. Furthermore, Hittite [script needed] (hippa-, “heap”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”), Old Irish fel (“bad”) have tentatively been connected. Compare also वपा (vapā, “omentum”), वप्र (vapra, “rampart”).
Root
वप् • (vap)
Derived terms
- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- उप्यते (upyáte) (Passive)
- अवापि (ávāpi) (Passive Aorist)
- वापयति (vāpáyati) (Causative)
- अवीवपत् (ávīvapat) (Causative Aorist)
- विवप्सति (vivapsati) (Desiderative)
- वावप्यते (vāvapyate) (Intensive)
- वावप्ति (vāvapti) (Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- उप्त (uptá) (Past Participle)
- उपित (upita) (Past Participle)
- वप्त (vapta) (Past Participle)
- वप्तुम् (vaptum) (Infinitive)
- उप्त्वा (uptvā) (Gerund)
- उप्य (úpya) (Gerund)
- उप्य (upya) (Gerundive)
- वाप्य (vāpya) (Gerundive)
- वप्तव्य (vaptavya) (Gerundive)
- वपनीय (vapanīya) (Gerundive)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
- अधिवप् (adhivap)
- अनुवप् (anuvap)
- अपवप् (apavap)
- अपिवप् (apivap)
- अभिवप् (abhivap)
- आवप् (āvap)
- उद्वप् (udvap)
- उपवप् (upavap)
- निर्वप् (nirvap)
- निवप् (nivap)
- परावप् (parāvap)
- प्रतिवप् (prativap)
- प्रवप् (pravap)
- संवप् (saṃvap)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to shave, shear”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (patävutta, “shaven”). The further etymology of this Indo-Iranian root is uncertain and it has tentatively been connected to Etymology 1, with Lubotsky opining that a single root existed in Indo-Iranian with both meanings.
Root
वप् • (vap)
Derived terms
- Primary Verbal Forms
- वपति (vápati) (Present)
- Secondary Forms
- वापयति (vāpayati) (Causative)
- Non-Finite Forms
- उप्त (uptá) (Past Participle)
- उप्त्वा (uptvā) (Gerund)
- उप्य (upya) (Gerund)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- वपन (vápana)
- वप्तृ (váptṛ)
- वाप (vāpa)
- वापन (vāpana)
- Prefixed Root Forms
- परिवप् (parivap)
- प्रवप् (pravap)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 919, column 3.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 154
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 503-4
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University