श्मशान
See also: शमशान
Hindi
Alternative forms
- शमशान (śamśān)
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्मशान (śmaśāná).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʃmə.ʃɑːn/, [ʃmɐ.ʃä̃ːn]
Noun
श्मशान • (śmaśān) m (Urdu spelling شمشان)
- crematorium, burning-ghat
- Synonym: मरघट (marghaṭ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | श्मशान śmaśān |
श्मशान śmaśān |
| oblique | श्मशान śmaśān |
श्मशानों śmaśānõ |
| vocative | श्मशान śmaśān |
श्मशानो śmaśāno |
Derived terms
- श्मशानवासी (śmaśānvāsī)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “श्मशान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শ্মশান (Assamese script)
- ᬰ᭄ᬫᬰᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
- শ্মশান (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰿𑰦𑰫𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑁆𑀫𑀰𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ၐ္မၐာန (Burmese script)
- શ્મશાન (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼੍ਮਸ਼ਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍍𑌮𑌶𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦯ꧀ꦩꦯꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂹𑂧𑂬𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಶ್ಮಶಾನ (Kannada script)
- ឝ្មឝាន (Khmer script)
- ຨ຺ມຨານ (Lao script)
- ശ്മശാന (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠮᠠᡧᠠ᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘿𑘦𑘫𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠮᠠᠱᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧠𑧆𑧋𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑑂𑐩𑐱𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଶ୍ମଶାନ (Odia script)
- ꢯ꣄ꢪꢯꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑇀𑆩𑆯𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖿𑖦𑖫𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
- ශ්මශාන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿 𑪙𑩴𑩿𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚶𑚢𑚧𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஶ்மஶாந (Tamil script)
- శ్మశాన (Telugu script)
- ศฺมศาน (Thai script)
- ཤྨ་ཤཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑓂𑒧𑒬𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑩇𑨢𑨮𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of unclear origin. Theories taking the term as an aphetic derivative of अश्मन् (áśman, “stone, firmament”) or शी (śī, “to lie down”) are semantically and morphologically dubious,[1] as are theories deriving the word from a phrase *श्मशारु रुधत् (*śmaśāru rudhat, “the beard will keep off”) or the syllable *शान (*śāna) from शा (śā, “to regale, sharpen”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕmɐ.ɕɑː.nɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕmɐ.ɕɑː.n̪ɐ/
Noun
श्मशान • (śmaśāná) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | श्मशानम् (śmaśānám) | श्मशाने (śmaśāné) | श्मशानानि (śmaśānā́ni) श्मशाना¹ (śmaśānā́¹) |
| accusative | श्मशानम् (śmaśānám) | श्मशाने (śmaśāné) | श्मशानानि (śmaśānā́ni) श्मशाना¹ (śmaśānā́¹) |
| instrumental | श्मशानेन (śmaśānéna) | श्मशानाभ्याम् (śmaśānā́bhyām) | श्मशानैः (śmaśānaíḥ) श्मशानेभिः¹ (śmaśānébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | श्मशानाय (śmaśānā́ya) | श्मशानाभ्याम् (śmaśānā́bhyām) | श्मशानेभ्यः (śmaśānébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | श्मशानात् (śmaśānā́t) | श्मशानाभ्याम् (śmaśānā́bhyām) | श्मशानेभ्यः (śmaśānébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | श्मशानस्य (śmaśānásya) | श्मशानयोः (śmaśānáyoḥ) | श्मशानानाम् (śmaśānā́nām) |
| locative | श्मशाने (śmaśāné) | श्मशानयोः (śmaśānáyoḥ) | श्मशानेषु (śmaśānéṣu) |
| vocative | श्मशान (śmáśāna) | श्मशाने (śmáśāne) | श्मशानानि (śmáśānāni) श्मशाना¹ (śmáśānā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: susāna (see there for further descendants)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀲𑀸𑀡 (masāṇa), 𑀫𑀰𑀸𑀡 (maśāṇa) — Māgadhī, 𑀲𑀼𑀲𑀸𑀡 (susāṇa) — Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)
- Borrowed terms
- → Bengali: শ্মশান (śmośan) (learned)
- → Hindustani:
- → Malayalam: ശ്മശാനം (śmaśānaṁ)
- → Telugu: శ్మశానము (śmaśānamu)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śmaśāná-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 659-60
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śmaśānám”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 381-2
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “श्मशान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1094/1.