सो
Braj
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁄 (so), from Sanskrit स (sá, third person singular pronoun).
Pronoun
सो (so)
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /soː/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁄 (so), from Sanskrit स (sá, third person singular pronoun). Cognate with Old Awadhi सो (so), Punjabi ਸੋ (so), Marwari सो (so), Bihari सो, Nepali सो (so). Also see तिस (tis).[1]
Pronoun
सो • (so) m or f (Urdu spelling سو)[2]
- used in constructions with जो (jo, “whoever”)
- जो काम करता, सो कमाता।
- jo kām kartā, so kamātā.
- Whoever works, they earn [money].
- (obsolete) he, she, it
- Synonym: वह (vah)
Usage notes
As a general third-person pronoun, this word is obsolete in favour of वह (vah). However, the fossilized inflected form तिसपर (tispar) still sees formal use with a special meaning of "after that" or "notwithstanding". See there for more.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सो (so) | से (se (obsolete)) |
| indirect | तिस (tis) | तिन (tin) |
| ergative | तिसने (tisne) | तिनहोंने (tinhõne) |
| genitive | तिसका (tiskā) | तिनका (tinkā) |
| dative | तिसे, तिसको (tise, tisko) | तिनहें, तिनको (tinhẽ, tinko) |
| instrumental/ ablative |
तिससे (tisse) | तिनसे (tinse) |
| inessive | तिसमें (tismẽ) | तिनमें (tinmẽ) |
| adessive | तिसपे, तिसपर (tispe, tispar) | तिनपे, तिनपर (tinpe, tinpar) |
| terminative | तिसतक (tistak) | तिनतक (tintak) |
| semblative | तिससा (tissā) | तिनसा (tinsā) |
Etymology 2
Verb
सो • (so) (Urdu spelling سو)
- inflection of सोना (sonā):
- stem
- second-person singular present imperative
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सो”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Newar
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-sum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [so]
Numeral
सो • (so)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
Pronoun
सो (so)
- Devanagari script form of so
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1] (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
Adjective
सो (so)