See also: Appendix:Variations of "hj"
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ → /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ → /ˈχeʕja/ → /ˈχeʕjə/
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to rise
- (intransitive) to appear (in glory)
- (intransitive) to shine forth
c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE,
Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13:
- ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt
- One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.
Inflection
Conjugation of ḫꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫꜥ, geminated stem: ḫꜥꜥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
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ḫꜥt, ḫꜥj
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ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ
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ḫꜥt, ḫꜥwt, ḫꜥyt
|
ḫꜥ
|
ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḫꜥ8, ḫꜥꜥ8
|
ḥr ḫꜥt, ḥr ḫꜥj
|
m ḫꜥt, m ḫꜥj
|
r ḫꜥt, r ḫꜥj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
ḫꜥ.n
|
consecutive
|
ḫꜥ.jn
|
| terminative
|
ḫꜥt, ḫꜥyt
|
| perfective3
|
ḫꜥ
|
obligative1
|
ḫꜥ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
|
| prospective3
|
ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
|
potentialis1
|
ḫꜥ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḫꜥ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ
|
ḫꜥ
|
ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ
|
| imperfective
|
ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥy, ḫꜥꜥw5
|
ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥj6, ḫꜥꜥy6
|
ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥw5
|
| prospective
|
ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥtj7
|
ḫꜥwtj1 4, ḫꜥtj4, ḫꜥt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜥj
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|
|
| ḫꜥj
|
ḫꜥj
|
|
|
[Pyramid Texts, 18th Dynasty, Late and Greco-Roman Periods]
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: ḫꜥ
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲁⲉ (xae)
- Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁⲓ (šai)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁ (ša)
References
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33