ḫwj

See also: hwj and ḥwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xuːi/
- Conventional anglicization: khui

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to protect, to defend (a person, body, or place) (+ m-ꜥ or (Late Period) r: against, from; + m: by means of, with)
(transitive) to rule, to serve as protector of (a place)
(transitive) to guard (someone to be restrained), to keep watch over in order to restrain
(transitive) to exclude, to exempt, especially from tax dues
(transitive) to set aside for some purpose, especially to set aside as holy or sacred
(transitive) to prevent, to preclude, to avoid
(transitive) to furnish, to equip (+ m or (Greco-Roman Period) ẖr: with) [since the 19th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḫwt, ḫwj	ḫww, ḫw	ḫwt, ḫwwt, ḫwyt	ḫw	ḫw, ḫwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḫw⁸	ḥr ḫwt, ḥr ḫwj	m ḫwt, m ḫwj	r ḫwt, r ḫwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫw.n	ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy	consecutive	ḫw.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ḫw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ḫwt, ḫwyt
perfective³	ḫw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḫw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ḫw, ḫwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḫw.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy	ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy	potentialis¹	ḫw.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ḫw, ḫwy	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫw.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḫww¹, ḫwy, ḫw	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫw	ḫwy, ḫw
imperfective	ḫw, ḫwy, ḫww⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫw, ḫwj⁶, ḫwy⁶	ḫw, ḫww⁵
prospective	ḫww¹, ḫwy, ḫw, ḫwtj⁷	—	ḫwwtj^{1 4}, ḫwtj⁴, ḫwt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫwj

ḫwj

[Old Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom,
especially Greco-Roman Period]

abbreviation

Derived terms

References

“ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 115110)”, “ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 114920)”, and “ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 852623)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 244.10–245.22
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 186
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 262.