ṯnj

See also: tnj, .tnj, and .ṯnj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛni/
- Conventional anglicization: tjeni

Pronoun

du 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

you two (see usage notes)

Usage notes

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
When it follows an imperative, it indicates the subject or the object of the verb.
When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

Inflection

Old Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .ṯn	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
	dual	.nj	.ṯnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn		.sn

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	w, wj, wy	kw, k, ṯw, ṯ	ṯm, ṯn	sw, s	s
	dual	—	ṯnj		snj
	plural	n	ṯn		sn

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ṯwt	ṯmt	swt	stt
	dual	—	—		ntsnj
	plural	—	ntṯn		ntsn, jntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kj, .k	.tj, .t		∅, .j	.tj, .t
	dual	—	.tjwn		.wy, .wj	.ty
	plural	.wn, .nw	.tjwn		∅, .w, .y, .wy	.tj, .t

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kj¹	.ṯ, .t	.f, .fj¹	.s, .sj¹
	dual²	.nj	.ṯnj, .tnj		.snj
	plural	.n	.ṯn, .tn		.sn, .w³

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	singular	wj, w	ṯw, tw	ṯn, tn	sw, st	sj, s, st
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns	plural	n	ṯn, tn		sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	ntk, ṯwt²	ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt²	ntf, swt²	nts, swt²
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	plural	jnn³	ntṯn, nttn		ntsn

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	singular	.kw	.tj, .t, .tw³		∅, .w	.tj, .t, .tw³
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings	plural	.wn, .wjn	.tjwn, .tjwnj		∅, .w, .y

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	sj, st
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns³	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st

¹ Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
² Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
³ Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns
	number	first person	second person		third person
	number	first person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine

suffix pronouns	singular	∅, .j	.k, .kw	.t	.f, .fj	.s, .st, .sw
suffix pronouns	plural	.n	.tn, .twn		.w, .sn¹

enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	singular	wj	tw, tj		sw, st
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns¹	plural	n, wn	twn		sn, st

stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	singular	jnk	mntk, mtwk	mntt, mtwy	mntf	mntst, mntjst
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns	plural	jnn	mnttn		mntw

stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings¹	singular	.kw, .k	.tj, .tw		∅, .w, .y	.tj, .tw
	plural	.nw	.tn		∅, .w, .y
	unmarked²	∅, .tw

proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	singular	tw.j	tw.k	tw.t	sw	st, sw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns	plural	tw.n	tw.tn		st, sw, swt

¹ Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
² Later form.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛni/
- Conventional anglicization: tjeni

Proper noun

?

Thinis [since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj

ṯnj

tnj

Descendants

→ Ancient Greek: Θίνις (Thínis)
- → Latin: Thinis
  - → English: Thinis
Coptic: ⲧⲓⲛ (tin)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈcaːnaj/ → /ˈtaːnaj/ → /ˈtaːnə/ → /ˈtoːn/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛni/
- Conventional anglicization: tjeni

Adverb

interrogative

where?

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj

tnj

tnw

tn

Descendants

Demotic: tn
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟ (to), ⲧⲱ (tō)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱⲛ (thōn)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn), ⲧⲟⲛ (ton)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲟⲛ (ton), ⲧⲟ (to)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛni/
- Conventional anglicization: tjeni

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to lift up, to elevate
(transitive) to distinguish (+ r: to distinguish (something) from (something else))
(intransitive) to be(come) distinguished or elevated

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯn, geminated stem: ṯnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ṯnt, ṯnj	ṯnw, ṯn	ṯnt, ṯnwt, ṯnyt	ṯn	ṯn, ṯny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ṯn⁸, ṯnn⁸	ḥr ṯnt, ḥr ṯnj	m ṯnt, m ṯnj	r ṯnt, r ṯnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ṯn.n	ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny	consecutive	ṯn.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ṯn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ṯnt, ṯnyt
perfective³	ṯn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ṯn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ṯn, ṯny	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ṯn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny	ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny	potentialis¹	ṯn.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ṯnw, ṯn, ṯny	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ṯn, ṯny	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ṯn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ṯnw¹, ṯny, ṯn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ṯn	ṯny, ṯn
imperfective	ṯnn, ṯnny, ṯnnw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ṯnn, ṯnnj⁶, ṯnny⁶	ṯnn, ṯnnw⁵
prospective	ṯnw¹, ṯny, ṯn, ṯntj⁷	—	ṯnwtj^{1 4}, ṯntj⁴, ṯnt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯnj

tnj

Derived terms

References

Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51, 94, 381.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147