ẖzj

See also: ḥzj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈçiːzit/ → /ˈçiːsiʔ/ → /ˈçiːsa/ → /ˈçiːsə/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /çɛzi/
- Conventional anglicization: khezi

Verb

3ae inf.

(intransitive) to be(come) feeble, failing
1. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) incapable, feeble, inept, incompetent, weak [Middle Kingdom literature]
2. (intransitive, of people, with r and following infinitive) to have difficulty (doing something), to need great effort (to do) [Medical Papyri]
3. (intransitive, of strength or the heart/mind) to be(come) feeble, failing, exhausted, weak, to give out (+ m: in (doing something)) [New Kingdom]
4. (intransitive, of woodwork) to rot, spoil, give out [New Kingdom]
(intransitive) to be(come) wretched, to be(come) pitiful and bad
1. (intransitive, often of enemies) to be(come) wretched, pitiful, especially contemptibly so; to be(come) weak and vile
2. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) useless or cowardly in battle [Late Period]
3. (intransitive, of speech, words, etc.) to be(come) bad, wretched, vile
4. (intransitive, of deeds and coduct) to be(come) bad, wrong, mean, vile, to be(come) misdeeds
5. (intransitive, of times) to be(come) bad, unpleasant to experience

Inflection

Conjugation of ẖzj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ẖz, geminated stem: ẖzz

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ẖzt, ẖzj	ẖzw, ẖz	ẖzt, ẖzwt, ẖzyt	ẖz	ẖz, ẖzy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ẖz⁸, ẖzz⁸	ḥr ẖzt, ḥr ẖzj	m ẖzt, m ẖzj	r ẖzt, r ẖzj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	ẖz.n	consecutive	ẖz.jn
terminative	ẖzt, ẖzyt	consecutive	ẖz.jn
perfective³	ẖz	obligative¹	ẖz.ḫr
imperfective	ẖz, ẖzy	obligative¹	ẖz.ḫr
prospective³	ẖzw, ẖz, ẖzy	potentialis¹	ẖz.kꜣ
subjunctive	ẖz, ẖzy	potentialis¹	ẖz.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ẖz.n	—	—
perfective	ẖzw¹, ẖzy, ẖz	ẖz	ẖzy, ẖz
imperfective	ẖzz, ẖzzy, ẖzzw⁵	ẖzz, ẖzzj⁶, ẖzzy⁶	ẖzz, ẖzzw⁵
prospective	ẖzw¹, ẖzy, ẖz, ẖztj⁷	ẖzwtj^{1 4}, ẖztj⁴, ẖzt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ẖzj

ẖzj

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲓⲥⲉ (xise)
Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲓⲥⲓ (xisi)
Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲓⲥⲓ (hisi)
Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲓⲥⲉ (hise)

References

“ẖzi̯ (lemma ID 124600)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volumes 398–399.19, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 204
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 185, 274.