ἀριθμός

See also: αριθμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, from *h₂rey- (“to count, arrange”). Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).[1]

    Pronunciation

     

    Noun

    ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (ărĭthmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

    1. number
      1. amount, sum
      2. term in a series
      3. number, account, rank
    2. quantity, amount (of a material, gold, money, time)
    3. numbered or countable item (in a series or list), item; piece (of a wrecked ship); mere entity, cipher (to a person)
    4. taking account or evaluation; regard (for a woman); reckoning (by a person's words)
    5. numbering, counting
    6. arithmetic
    7. (philosophy) abstract number
    8. (grammar) number
    9. numeral
    10. science of numbers, arithmetic, calculation
    11. mathematical unit or aggregate of units, number (as odd or even); (as underlying the organisation of time and space); (as the cause of being and generation);(existing as an ideal entity, opp. as a mathematical object)
    12. (rhetoric) rhythm
    13. numerical sum, number, total number (of persons, animals, things)
    14. (rhetorical) numerical measurement (of the configuration of speech, reference to rhythm)
    15. collection (of individuals forming a group), number, company (of men, envoys, disciples)
    16. military unit (= Latin numerus)
    17. (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time
    18. (medicine) precise condition

    Inflection

    Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός; τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός
    ho ărĭthmós     		τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ
    tṑ ărĭthmṓ     		οἱ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί
    hoi ărĭthmoí
    Genitive τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ
    toû ărĭthmoû     		τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν
    toîn ărĭthmoîn     		τῶν ᾰ̓ρῐθμῶν
    tôn ărĭthmôn
    Dative τῷ ᾰ̓ρῐθμῷ
    tōî ărĭthmōî     		τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν
    toîn ărĭthmoîn     		τοῖς ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖς
    toîs ărĭthmoîs
    Accusative τὸν ᾰ̓ρῐθμόν
    tòn ărĭthmón     		τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ
    tṑ ărĭthmṓ     		τοὺς ᾰ̓ρῐθμούς
    toùs ărĭthmoús
    Vocative ᾰ̓ρῐθμέ
    ărĭthmé     		ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ
    ărĭthmṓ     		ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί
    ărĭthmoí
    Notes:
    • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Greek: αριθμός (arithmós)
      Αριθμοί m pl (Arithmoí, “Numbers”)
    • Pontic Greek: αριθμόν (arithmón)

    References

    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀριθμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

    Further reading

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