ἄχθος

See also: άχθος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἄχθομαι (ákhthomai, “to be loaded”) +‎ -ος (-os), which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂edʰǵʰ- (“to squeeze, (op)press”), the same root of Hittite [script needed] (ḫatk-, “to shut, close”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ákʰ.tʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈakʰ.tʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈax.θos/

Noun

ἄχθος • (ákhthos) n (genitive ἄχθεος); third declension

burden, load, weight
Synonyms: γόμος (gómos), φορτῐ́ον (phortĭ́on)
load of grief, sorrow

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χθεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος tò ắkhthos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χθεε tṑ ắkhthee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ tằ ắkhtheă
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́χθεος toû ắkhtheos	τοῖν ᾰ̓χθέοιν toîn ăkhthéoin	τῶν ᾰ̓χθέων tôn ăkhthéōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́χθεῐ̈ tōî ắkhtheĭ̈	τοῖν ᾰ̓χθέοιν toîn ăkhthéoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓́χθεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χθεσῐν toîs ắkhthesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χθος tò ắkhthos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χθεε tṑ ắkhthee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ tằ ắkhtheă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́χθος ắkhthos	ᾰ̓́χθεε ắkhthee	ᾰ̓́χθεᾰ ắkhtheă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀχθεινός (akhtheinós)
ἀχθέω (akhthéō)
ἀχθηδών (akhthēdṓn)
ἀχθήεις (akhthḗeis)
ἀχθήμων (akhthḗmōn)
ἀχθηρής (akhthērḗs)
ἀχθηρός (akhthērós)
ἀχθίζω (akhthízō)
ἀχθοφόρος (akhthophóros)

Descendants

→ Greek: άχθος (áchthos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄχθομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183