ἄχος

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos, from the root *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, in distress, afraid”). Compare Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil”), Proto-Germanic *agaz (“fear”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), dialectal English ey).

ἄχος • (ákhos) n (genitive ἄχεος or ἄχους); third declension

Third declension of ᾰ̓́χος; ᾰ̓́χεος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾰ̓́χος ắkhos	ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ắkhei / ắkhee	ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ắkheă
Genitive	ᾰ̓́χεος / ᾰ̓́χευς ắkheos / ắkheus	ᾰ̓χέοιν ăkhéoin	ᾰ̓χέων ăkhéōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ ắkhei / ắkheĭ̈	ᾰ̓χέοιν ăkhéoin	ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν ắkhesĭ(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̓́χος ắkhos	ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ắkhei / ắkhee	ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ắkheă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́χος ắkhos	ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ắkhei / ắkhee	ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ắkheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ắkhos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χει tṑ ắkhei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη tằ ắkhē
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους toû ắkhous	τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν toîn ăkhoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓χῶν tôn ăkhôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́χει tōî ắkhei	τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν toîn ăkhoîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν toîs ắkhesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ắkhos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χει tṑ ắkhei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη tằ ắkhē
Vocative	ᾰ̓́χος ắkhos	ᾰ̓́χει ắkhei	ᾰ̓́χη ắkhē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ắkhos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε tṑ ắkhei / ắkhee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ tằ ắkheă
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος / ᾰ̓́χευς toû ắkheos / ắkheus	τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν toîn ăkhéoin	τῶν ᾰ̓χέων tôn ăkhéōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ tōî ắkhei / ắkheĭ̈	τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν toîn ăkhéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν toîsĭ(n) ắkhesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ắkhos	τὼ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε tṑ ắkhei / ắkhee	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ tằ ắkheă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́χος ắkhos	ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ắkhei / ắkhee	ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ắkheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

“ἄχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“ἄχος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ache idem, page 8.
- anguish idem, page 29.
- distress idem, page 242.
- grief idem, page 373.
- heaviness idem, page 393.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- misery idem, page 534.
- pain idem, page 588.
- sadness idem, page 730.
- smart idem, page 786.
- sorrow idem, page 795.
- torment idem, page 881.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- unhappiness idem, page 920.